高中人教必修5课文逐句翻译

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必修五 Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”

John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he

attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著

名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。But

he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people

exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到

很振奋。This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，

Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也

不了解它的治疗方法。So many thousands of terrified people died every

time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。

John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯

诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。He knew that cholera would never be

controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是

无法控制的。

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how

cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。The first

suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas

floated around until it found its victims.一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖

着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。The second

suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their

meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。 From the

stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected

person died.病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed

evidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。So when another

outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在

1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。As the

disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to

gather information.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯诺就开始收集资

料。 In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that

more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行

的很严重，在 10 天之内就死去了 500 多人。He was determined to find out

why.他决心要查明其原因。

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people

had lived.首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。This gave him

a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这提供了一条说明霍乱起因

的很有价值的线索。Many of the deaths were near the water pump in

Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).许多死者是住在宽街

的水泵附近（特别是这条街上 16、37、38、40 号）。He also noticed that

some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge

Street) had had no deaths.他发现有些住宅（如宽街上 20号和 21号以及剑

桥街上的 8 号和 9 号）却无人死亡。He had not foreseen this, so he made

further investigations.他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。He

discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.

他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，They had been given free

beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.而酒馆为他们免费提

供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。It seemed that the water

was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。

Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two

streets.接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。He found that it

came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他发现，水

是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。He immediately told the

astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump

so that it could not be used.他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把

手。这样，水泵就用不成了。Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久

疫情就开始得到缓解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germs

and not in a cloud of gas.他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。

In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two

other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一

个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。A

woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from

the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一

位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运

到家里来。Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the

water. 她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。 With this extra

evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted

water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，

这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the

source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，

约翰 · 斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。 The water companies were

instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自来水公司

也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。Finally "King Cholera" was

defeated.最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。

1.必修五 Unit 1 COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

哥白尼的革命性理论

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.尼古拉·

哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。Although he had tried to ignore them, all his

mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth

was not the centre of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，

然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in

the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动

才能说得清楚。Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the

powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even

suggesting such an idea.他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗

示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。They believed God

had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must

be the centre of the solar system.教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，

地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets

in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a

loop.这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，

往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，Others appeared brighter at times and

less bright at others.而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。This was

very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all

planets went round it.如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的

话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。

Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried

to find an answer.哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答

案。 He had collected observations of the stars and used all his

mathematical knowledge to explain them.他曾经收集过观察星球的数据，

并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。But only his new theory could

do that.但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。So between 1510 and 1514 he

worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was

complete.于是，他在 1510 至1514 年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，

直到他感到完善时为止。

In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.1514 年，他把他的新理论私

下里给他的朋友们看。 The changes he made to the old theory were

revolutionary.他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。He placed a fixed sun at

the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only

the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，

而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。He also suggested that

the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained

changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the

stars.他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运

动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。 His friends were enthusiastic and

encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.他的

朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎， He did not

want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as

he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到 1543年临终

之前才公布了这一观点。

Certainly he was right to be careful. 当然，他小心谨慎是对的。 The

Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea

and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理

论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。Yet

Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the

universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。 His

theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to

earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. 他的

理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上

帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。 Copernicus showed this was

obviously wrong.哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。Now people can see that

there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton,

Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与

艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系

2.必修五 Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之谜

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four

countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人们也许觉得奇

怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太

一样。You can clarify this question if you study British history.但如果你学

过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。

First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.

首先是英格兰。威尔士于13 世纪同英格兰联合了起来。Now when people

refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今只要有人提起英格兰，

你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。Next England and Wales were joined to

Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to

"Great Britain".接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17 世纪联合了起来，名字就

改成了 “ 大不列颠 ” 。Happily this was accomplished without conflict

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摘要：

必修五Unit1JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。Thiswa...

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