专题10 名词和冠词-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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专题 10 名词和冠词
2021 年】
1.(2021·天津卷)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical
science.
Atraditions Badvances Cpressures Dexamples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions 传统;B.
advances 前进,进步;C. pressures 压力;D. examples 例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health
have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances 符合语境。故选 B
2. 2021·全国乙卷)
……
Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a
low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】68. financial 69.activities
【解析】68.被考查词位于名词 aid 之前,故判断考点为形容词。
69.被考查项为名词,位于主语的位置,且谓语动词 range 为复数形式,故考点为名词变复数。
3. (2021·新高考 I)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and
Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of
clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
【答案】57. humans
【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是
多么的渺小。human we 的同位语,we 为复数,应用 human 的复数形式。故填 humans
…….
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors
memory. It sure does in mine .While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】65.a
【解析】65.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must 作名词时,意
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为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must 是以辅音音
素开头的词,应用 a。故填 a
4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary
Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their ___38___ marryceremony in 1842.
【答案】38. marriage
【解析】38.考查名词。句意:1844 年,他们以 1200 美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子
和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在 1842 年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要
用名词形式;结合设空处后的 ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词 marry 意为“婚姻”,其名词形
式为 marriagemarriage ceremony 意为“婚礼”。故填 marriage
5.2021 年全国甲卷)
We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took
us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we
stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going
about their daily routines.
【答案】
48. the
49. watchtowers
【解析】
48 题】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约 3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可
知短语为 all the way,故用定冠词 the 限定名词 way。故填 the
49 题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来
拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词 different 可知,此处可数名词
watchtower 是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填 watchtowers
2020 年】
1.2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a
lot of deep craters (环形山)more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular 可知,空处应
填名词,interest 是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest
2 / 17
2.2020·新课标I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将 chopstick 改为 chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick 是可
数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将 chopstick 改为 chopsticks
3.2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结天的开。不定冠词 a名词形式。
故填 celebration
4.2020·新课标II卷)LuckilyI will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】将 vacations 改为 vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意:幸运的是,两后我过暑假析句子,vacation
假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可s表示复数。Summer vacation 为“暑期”是搭配。故将
vacations 改为 vacation
5.2020·新课标III卷)Filled with 64
(curious)the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意:怀好奇心艺术收拾囊离开了。with 词,后名词 curiosity
语,表示“好奇心”。故填 curiosity
6. 2020·卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:多国家的生安全经历重大变A. reservation 预订
B. transformation ,变C. distinction 区别D. submission 。根据前文 The health security systems
可知,此处指“生安全统的变”。故选 B
7.2020·卷)Historical 44
(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史准确很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处主语,位于形容词 historical
之后,应使用名词,意为“历史准确性”。故填 accuracy
8.2020·浙江卷)Laterthey learned to work with the 62
(season)planting at the right time andin
dry areas
63
making
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
3 / 17
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了制宜,在当的时间播种,在干旱
年的洪水灌溉农田析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填 seasons
2019 年】
1.2019·卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当行的点从变成了品尝欣赏风景A. priority
优先权B. potential 在的,可的;C. proportion 例,占比D. pension 退休金抚恤金。故选
A
2.2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives
in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能多方面已经对我们的生活生了强烈
影响 statement“陈述”; impact“强烈影响冲击力”; impression“印象,感想”;
judgement“判断力判断”。故选 B
3.2019·新课标 I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulationsthree are
decliningsix are (be) stableone is increasingand nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为指,意为“在知的 19 北极熊亚种群中”,故填 the
42019·新课标 I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly
a
football fell just in front of me
but
and
almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词 football 为可数名词,前边需限定词。这里 football 次出现,故在
football a;考查词。句意:然一个足球在我前边并点打到我。“足球下来”“打到
我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将 but 改为 and
5.2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:个人都穿相格的衣服same 是形容词,意是“同的”,常
4 / 17
the 用修名词。故填 the
2018 年】
1.2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired
scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上在生激励科学
家们去探索外部A. advice 建议B. order 命令C. possibility 性;D. invitation 邀请。故选 C
2. 2018·新课标卷 ITwo of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究仅仅每510 分钟步,就能减少各种原因心脏病
早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes
3. 2018·新课标卷 IDuring my last winter holidayI went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲拜访爷爷奶奶。此处指去的是
下,故定冠词 the
【解析】countryside the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲拜访爷爷奶奶。此处指去的是
下,故定冠词 the
4. 2018·新课标卷 IICorn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 yearswhile
rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量25 年里增长125%增长7%。故是
去的 25 年里。故填 the
5. 2018·新课标卷 IIIUnexpectedlyI'm face-to-face with the gorillawho begins screaming at
____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby screamand then a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为定短语 at the top of,此处表示以大的量喊叫
5 / 17
6. 2018·新课标卷 IIIMy name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as
apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。
7. 2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56
(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国,表示泛指应用名词复数,故填 dishes
8. 2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten
outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修problems,故填 weight
2017 年】
1. 2017·新课标卷 IAs 65 resultpeople will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。定短语 as a result 表示果"。句意:结,人们将吃更多的物去弥补损失
西。故填 a
2. 2017·新课标卷 II It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible   61  
(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词复数。crowd 为可数名词,且其前没有限定词,以此处用其复数形式。
3. 2017·新课标卷 II This included digging up the road laying (lay) the track and then building a
strong roof over   64   top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结的顶,以在 top the
2016 年】
1.2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time as late payments may affect your
______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
6 / 17
【答案】C
【解析】句意:付电费很重要,付晚了会影响你的用。condition 条件income 收入credit
用();status 地位。根据句意故选 C
2.2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意:天气预报天会是多云,后半夜能有雨A.影响B.C.改变;D.会,可
性。故选 D
3.2016·浙江】______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The 不填 B. A 不填 C. A the D. The a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期假期一空填 the,是指“获胜
奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两假期”,用不定冠词 a。故选 A
4.2016·___________— Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the fulldefinitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe 秘诀食谱方;record 记录range 范围receipt 据,收条
根据句意可知 A"秘诀"符合题意。
2015 年】
1.(2015﹒湖北) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意A项“平衡”;B会”C
D项“地方”。Lose one’s balance“平衡”。故选 A项。
2.(2015﹒湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他一项密任给自己起了一个新的名掩盖身份A项“情绪B
”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。故选 C项。
3.(2015)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
7 / 17
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】A
【解必要一下A考;BCD
,当。这里指让对方好好想想,故选 A
4.(2015)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】句意:Dave,去你的妈妈道歉我想这,但是我对我的道歉A
”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”;D项“遗憾,后”。故选 C项。
5.(2015)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为家的足球相适,一些学必须A项“判断B
调整”;C项“价,评论”;D项“成”。故选 B项。
6. (2015)The failure was a big _________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as
enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析 A.blow B.issue 题;C.excuse 借口D.factor 要素为:这个
对他来说是一个打,但是他没有复了来的热情。故选 A
7.(2015浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
【答案】B
【解析】句意:一种最和你的想A. production 意为
B. stress 为压力, C. energy 意为 D. passive 意为力此题考查的是 4名词的词义辨析,
正确理句的语义。根据常可以知,和来说是压。以答案是 B. stress 意为压力。
8.(2015西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.
A. The the B. A a C. The a D. A the
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一个人,他谦虚,使用 the较级+主谓的句以选 A
8 / 17
9.(2015四川).Brian is gifted in writing music he is very likely to be Beethoven.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
【答案】A
A
Brian 作音极有才华,他很有成为一个像贝芬那样的人
10.(2015浙江) Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing
or another always got in way.
A. a;不填 B. thethe C. 不填;the D. athe
【答案】D
【解析】句意:多年来,奶奶有关,但是被这那样了。
一个空使用不定冠词表泛指in the way 意为挡道阻碍。定冠词用于或者
搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选 D
11.(2015﹒重庆) I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
A. the / B. a / C. the a D. a the
【答案】C
【解析】句意为我刚刚听朵拉作的行被一个给抢劫一个空表示
作的行,可表示指,用 the第二空表示一个持枪人表示泛指,用 a
2014 年】
1.(2014)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good________
Asaying Bquestion Csuggestion Daccount
【答案】C 
saying question suggestion account
Why not do sth”表示建议做某事。句意:你的买一”“
建议”故选 C
2.(2014)—Could you tell me the________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
Afeature Bplan Ccost Dtrick
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“你,我只是上的说
9 / 17
的。feature plan 计划方案cost ,代价,trick 门,根据句意
可知选D项。
3.(2014)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last
year's election.
Asymbol Bportrait Cidentity Dstatue
【答案】A
【解析】句意:2年前遭软禁在去年的选举中然是有影响力的symbol
portrait 肖像描写 identity 身份,同一性; statue 雕像塑像。根据语境可知 A正确
4.(2014天津)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
【答案】A
【解析】source 源泉,来sense 式;result root ,背,根 意:风现在是
世界增长最快的
5.(2014浙江)We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.
Aattempts Brequests Cdoubts Dpromises
【答案】B
request
attempt 企图doubt 怀疑惑promise 允诺。故选 B项。
6.(2014西) They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team, because they knew he was ________
smart leader.
A. a the B. the the C. the a D. a a
【答案】C
【解析】他们选择汤姆作为这个为他们知他是一位领导一空指“这个
”,故用 the第二空泛指“一位领导”。
7.(2014西) ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
A. The a B. A the C. The the D. A a
【答案】A
【解析】空后名词 village 定语从句修,表指,故用 the 空后名词 town 是可数
名词数,表泛指,故用 a。故选 A
8.(2014天津) Life is like ________ ocean: only ________ strongwilled can reach the other shore.
A. an the B. the a C. the / D. / a
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摘要:

专题10名词和冠词【2021年】1.(2021·天津卷)Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtaboutby________inmedicalscience.A.traditionsB.advancesC.pressuresD.examples【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A.traditions传统;B.advances前进,进步;C.pressures压力;D.examples例子。根据上文“Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtabo...

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