专题13 动词和动词短语-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用）解析版

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专题 13 动词和动词短语

【2021 年】

1．（2021·天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking

a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.

A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在

平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge 判断；B. differ 不同；C. withdraw 抽身，撤

退；D. benefit 有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the

quietness of his life”可知 Henry David Thoreau 在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以

他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选 C。

2.（2021·天津卷）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the

community website. He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked

for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks

who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.

22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up

D．broke away from

23．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated

D．offered

【答案】22．A 23．D

【解析】22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt 想出了一个计划，并把

它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with 提出；B. stuck to 坚持；C. gave up 放弃；D. broke

away from 突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个

计划，come up with 符合语境。故选 A。

23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A.

remembered 记得；B. refused 拒绝；C. hesitated 犹豫；D. offered 提议。结合后文“to fix

bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt 提议为他人免费修车，offer to do

sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选 D。

3. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the

Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to

visitors since it opened to the public.

…….

When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The

little home ___40___ （paint）white.

【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted

【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留

下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被

证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词， Lincoln’s home in

downtown Springfield Illinois 作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句 since it opened to

the public 可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空

处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是 has/have +过去分词；主语 Lincoln’s home in downtown

Springfield Illinois 是第三人称单数，所以助动词用 has，提示词 prove 的过去分词形式是

proved 或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。

40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓

语动词，The little home 作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动

词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的 was built 可知，此处为一般过去时态；

一般过去时的被动语态结构是 was/were+过去分词；主语 The little home 是单数第三人称，

所以要用 was，提示词 paint 的过去分词形式是 painted。故填 was painted。

【2020 年】

1.（2020·江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short

time.

A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会

有很多挑战。A. clarify 澄清；B. justify 证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify 分类。根据空后

garbage 可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选 D。

2. （2020·江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of

virtual reality.

A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G 的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现

实成为可能。A. allowing for 使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for 解释；C.

calling for 需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for 补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will

exceed 125 GB/s 可知，125 GB/s 的6G 速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选 A。

3．（2020·天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother

______ him.

A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on

C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照

看他。A. drank a toast to 为……干杯；B. played a joke on 开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on

照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to 向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，

所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选 C。

4．（2020·天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she

felt like walking.

A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出 Sharon 回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回

去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted 接受；C. compromised 妥协；D. declined 谢绝。根据

“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon 想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。

故选 D。

5．（2020·天津卷）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we

have doesn’t work.

A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的

那个不运转了。A. take up 占据；B. carry out 实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off 推迟。根据

“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上

买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选 D。

【2019 年】

1.【2019·江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's

intelligence and creativity.

A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D.

restoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和

创造力。resembling 像；reflecting 反映；reviewing 回顾；restoring 恢复，根据题意，故选

B。

2.【2019·天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't

___________ what he was saying.

A. set aside B. take back

C. make out D. keep off

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清

他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，

了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选 C。

【2018 年】

1.【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a

good dancer.

A. display B. acquire

C. teach D. test

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优

秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示；B. acquire 获得；C. teach 教；D. test 测试。故选 B。

2.【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually

he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.

A. gave in B. dressed up

C. broke in D. turned up

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜

水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in 屈服，让步；B.

dressed up 打扮；C. broke in 闯入；打断；D. turned up 出现。根据转折词but 及原因 as she

was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选 A。

3.【2018·江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which

_______ a clear road map and timetable.

A. calls for B. calls on

C. calls off D. calls up

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰

的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for 需要；B. calls on 号召；C. calls off 取消；D.

calls up 使想起。故选 A。

4.【2018·江苏】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______

the things they see.

A. indicate B. investigate

C. imitate D. innovate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们

也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查；C. imitate 模仿；D.

innovate 改革。故选 C。

【2017 年】

1. 【2017·天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married,

and have kids.

A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in

【答案】A

【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下

来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选 A。

2.【2017·江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help

_______ your year ahead.

A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape 塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B.

switch 转变，交换，

调班；C. stretch 拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen 提高，使尖锐，变得清

晰。句意：快速

回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选 A。

3.【2017· 江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a

doctor.

A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out 坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out 使显现，

阐明，出版；

C.picked out 使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out 用完，停止运行，分发，发

出，公布。句

意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”

之意，故选 B。

【2016 年】

1.【2016·江苏】He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a

worthy cause.

A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。动词 approach 靠近，接近；wrestle 摔跤，斗争，努力解决；

compromise 妥协；和解；让步；communicate 交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义

的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知 C项正确。

2.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the

comfortable climate for business creation.

A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off 跌落，下降；take off 起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn

off 关闭；leave off 停止，中断；根据句意可知 B项正确。

3.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join

sports teams.

A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语 gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of 记录；

take advantage of 利用；give rise to 引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体

育活动。根据句意可知 C项正确。

4.【2016·天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____

her opinion on the subject.

A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on

C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on

【答案】A

【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的

观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语

境，故选 A。

5.【2016·天津】I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the

castle.

A. put B. make C. take D. give

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语 take advantage of 意为

“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of 搭配。故选 C。

6.【2016·天津】I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a

conversation with her.

A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。

A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选 A。

7.【2016·浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than

_______ us.

A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就

会获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选 A。

8.【2016·浙江】When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt

______from the world.

A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry

away 带走，夺走；break down 崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off 切断；bring up 养育，培

养。故选 C。

9.【2016·浙江】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to

apply for the one that ______my interest.

A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限

制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选 C。

【2015 年】

1.(2015﹒浙江)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?

A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split

【答案】A

【解析】句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float 意为漂浮， B.

drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split 意为洒出。此题考查的是 4个动词的词义

辨析，正确理解这 4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。

2.(2015﹒浙江)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our

emotions than for straight facts.

A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者

是吸引我们的。A. block off.意为封锁， B. appeal to 意为吸引， C. subscribe to 意为订阅，

D. come across 意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有

一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or 意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our

emotions 表达是跟前面 excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出

答案是 C吸引。

3.(2015﹒浙江)Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms

folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away

【答案】D

【解析】试题分析:句意:肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着,表

示你是有防范的。A意为拿走；\B意为扔掉；\C意为放好；\D意为泄露，而且和

send out 同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是

一样的(away), 不同的是动词，正确理解四是个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。

Take 意为拿走，throw 意为扔掉，Pur 意为放, give 意为给。根据句意可以排除 ABC,所以得

出答案为 D.

4.(2015﹒浙江)Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.

A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download

【答案】C

【解析】句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，

B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的

不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常

识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是

C。

5.(2015﹒天津)Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was

too busy.

A. turn in B. turn down

C. turn over D. turn to

【答案】B

【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；

B. turn down 拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to 求助。根据句意可知选 B。

6.(2015﹒天津)If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better______ your doctor at

once.

A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A.

convince 说服；B. consult 咨询； C. avoid 避免；D. affect 影响。根据句意可知选 B。

7.(2015﹒天津)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy

the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.

A. have B. make C. display D. bring

【答案】B

【解析】句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义

的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense 有意义。根据句意可知选 B。

8.(2015﹒陕西)Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next

month.

A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Peter 在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up 拿起，开始从事；

put up 竖立；搭建；add up 加起来；break up 结束；分解。所以选 A。

9.(2015﹒福建)It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you

say just 7 per cent.

A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A.lies in 在于；B.accounts for 说明、引起；C.consists of 包括；

D.goes with 相伴。该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的

话只占百分之七。故选 B

10.(2015﹒江苏)The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on

【答案】C

【解析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，

等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选 C项。

11.(2015﹒江苏)The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s

Silk Road Economic Belt.

A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for

【答案】B

【解析】试题分析:句意:这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提

供服务。A项“....申请，话适用....”B 项“迎合，满....的需要，为..... .提供服务”C项.....有

吸引力，呼吁”；\D项“猎取，寻找”。故选 B项。

12.(2015﹒安徽)If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and

variety.

A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发

展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。故选 D。

13.(2015﹒湖北)The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best

solution.

A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze

【答案】D

【解析】句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项“面对”；

B项“阻止”；C项“提出，举起”；D项“分析”。故选 D项。

14.(2015﹒湖北)In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that

someone was moving about upstairs.

A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低

声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱

怨”。故选 B项。

15.(2015﹒湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to

communicate with foreigners in English.

A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up

【答案】C

【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项

“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，

和好”。故选 C项。

16.(2015﹒湖北)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.

A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up

【答案】D

【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项

“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选 D项。

17.(2015﹒江苏)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____

to their greatest potential.

A. Accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop

【答案】D

【解析】试题分析:句意:学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速,

加快”B项“改善，提高”C项“表现”D项“发展”。故选 D项。

【2014 年】

1.(2014﹒安徽)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today. It has really ________ the test of

time.

A.failed B.Stood C.taken D.conducted

【答案】B　

【解析】根据前一句可推知，后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了时间的考验”。

stand the test of time 经受住时间的考验。fail the test of time 未能经受住时间的考验。句意：

莎士比亚的作品今天依旧很受欢迎，它经受住了时间的考验。故选 B。

2.(2014﹒福建)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of

overall quality.

A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：(大家)普遍认为学生们应该得到全面的评价。support 支持，支撑，抚

养；match 使相配，比得上；evaluate 评价，评估；control 控制，抑制，管理。根据句意可

知选择C项。

3.(2014﹒江苏)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.

A.chased B.Registered C.offered D.compensated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：大学里的优秀毕业生受到大公司的青睐。chase 追逐，追求；register

登记，注册； offer 提供，提议； compensate 补偿，赔偿。根据语境可知 A项正确。

4.(2014﹒江苏)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the

soul of Qu Yuan.

A.remember B.Remind C.recover D.recall

【答案】 D

【解析】句意：传说，端午节的缘由是为了召唤屈原的灵魂。remember 记得；remind

提醒；recover 恢复；recall 召唤，召回。根据语境可知 D项符合语境。

5.(2014﹒江西)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to

________ me.

A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse

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专题13动词和动词短语【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）HenryDavidThoreauwashappyto________fromsociallife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.A．judgeB．differC．withdrawD．benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断；B.differ不同；C.withdraw抽身，撤退；D.benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking...

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