专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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专题 15 情态动词和虚拟语气
2021 年】
1.(2021·天津卷)It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
Aneed Bshould Ccould Dmust
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子
和人。A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,
必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选 C
2020 年】
1.2020·天津卷)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁A. must
必须B. can 能,可以;C. need 需要;D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”
知,Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选 B
2.2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分
可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后 where I am 可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动
词应使用 would/could/might/should+do。故选 C
2019 年】
1.2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快
时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If++
过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选 C
2.2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the
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time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务
根据上句 the workers were not better organized 知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。
句子结构为:从句If+主语+过去完成+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成+
他,故选 D
2018 年】
1.2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owners permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原
形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的 should 可以省略。故选 B
2.2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。
本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A
3.2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超
市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done
再根据后句 but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词 could,表示“可能”。故选
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D
4.2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a
company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词 canC选项正
确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要;should 应该,竟然;must 必须,肯定。
5.2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由
they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件
句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故 D选项正确。
6.2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享我们的假了。
根据时间状语 yesterday 可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用 had + v-ed。故选 A
2017 年】
1.2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须B. should 应该C. can D. need 需要。句意:Samuel,我最高生,
能很轻松地够着架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能的词,故用 can,答案为 C
2.2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果这个安全系统投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是
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对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用 had done ,此根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故 A项是
确的。
3.2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be 动词一用 were;虚拟语气的省略形主要是把 if
略,时把 were/should/had 前,即 Were /Should/ Had I...,故选 B
4.2017·My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我的房间很,但是在今前不需要打扫,我可以早晨打扫A.
B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许。根据句意,故选 C
5.2017·天津卷】 Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你有贝蒂号码吗?——有。否则我昨天就联系不到了。此处 otherwise(
)if 的条yesterday 过去,由
wouldn’t have done,故选 B
2016 年】
1.2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末周六周日我不需要起。A. needn’t 不需要;
B. mustn’t 禁止C. wouldn’t 不愿;D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据句意可知,周六、周日不用起,故选 A
2.2016· 北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have
helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:你上么没有告诉我你到的麻烦?如果你告诉我的话,我就可
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你了。根据一句可知,这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟,if 条件句的时态应该用过去完成时,故
B
3.2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。故 A项正确。
4.2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这真是;我不能的数据wouldn’t 不愿意;couldn’t 不能;
shouldn’t 不应该;needn’t 不必。根据句意可知选 B
5.2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气,根据 if
件句用的 had done可知,主句用 would have done 示对过去情况的虚拟,Iinjure 是被
故选 D
6.2016·江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______
since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果政府科学家共同努力,与艾滋病死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的最高点下
使用虚拟语气if 条件句用had done省略 ifhad 前,主句would have done 表示对过
去情况的虚拟。故选 D
2015 年】
1.(2015北京)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
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【解析】句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——了,我必须走了。我女儿一个人在A. may
可能,可以,也许;B. can 能,会;C. must 必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare 胆敢。结句意,故选
C
2.(2015北京) If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。根据后半句 wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对
过去的虚拟。所以从句是 if+主语+ had+done 的形。故选 D
3.(2015)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】句意:没有他时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名别了武器。根据 without his
wartime experience 没有时的经历,可知表示对过去的否定测,故主句用 would have done此选 D
项。
4.(2015)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你肯定是卡罗,这些年你一也没有变化 must 表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选 A
5.(2015﹒浙)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题分析:句意:太吵,我们不能够听到我们在说? A 的意思是不能,B的意思是不应
该,C的意思是禁止D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个 so++that 的句题时应该正确理解
句意这句的用法。正确理解这是表不能是表其他的东西must 只能用肯定句,用否定句表
禁止,这一点尤其要往往错。如果表示一可能往往can 的形(过去时态使用 could)
6.(2015天津)I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very
friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
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【解析】句意:我来新学校之前本没有必要担心为在这里我的同学对我好。needn’t have
done 本没有必要做某事,表示实已经做事。根据句意可知选 C
7.(2015天津)I wish I ______ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York
then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【解析】句意:上个周二我本希望参姐姐婚礼,但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查 wish 引导的宾
语从句,表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用 had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选 D
8.(2015﹒四川)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。根据文的 it costs 可知,相机很昂贵,故选A,意为:你一定要
对待相机,它很昂贵
9.(2015﹒陕西) You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be
grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我有 100%的把你以后会感激它的。
should 应该;need 需要;shall 会;may(不确定)可能。所以选 D
10.(2015﹒陕西)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】句意:Ellen 是一个很舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面宾语从
句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选 C
11.(2015﹒福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You________have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. Should
【答案】D
【解析】题分析:考查情态动词+have done 结构。A must 必须 B.can 可以; C.would : D.should
该。这里是情态+have done 的结构的虚拟语气,can+have+done'表示对过去为的怀疑,用于疑问句,
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“可能... .. ?";could+have+done , 表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某没有; must+have
+done"表示对过去事情的肯定推测,成“一-i ,该结构只用肯定句; should+have+done
"意思是“本来应该做某,。该对话意思为: -对不起,妈妈,我面试又---,那太糟糕了,
你应该准备的。故选 D
12.(2015江苏)It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果我道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中 might have saved 可知主
句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用 if I had known 与主句保持一if 虚拟条件句中had 时,可if 省去,
had 前构成倒装结构。故选 D项。虚拟语气重要题原则:根据题干中主句从句中动词形式判
所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一,但要意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间
做出调整。另外 if 条件句中动词hadshould were , 可以省略 if而将¶had, should
were 到句,从构成倒装虚拟条件句。
13.(2015﹒安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们很幸运地订到了房间,否则的话,我们现在就会处可去了。or 引导含蓄虚拟条
件句,or 后面是主句,相当于 if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.,根据“now”
可知,是对现在进行虚拟,此用 would+动词原形,故选 C
2014 年】
1.(2014北京)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should
【答案】A
【解析】根据上文可知,说话人在请求听话人允许时间的一个交can 表示“能不能”,故
A
2.(2014北京)We ________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
A.are B.were C.will be D.would be
【答案】D
【解析】根据条件状语从句中 if we didn't lose the map 可知,主从句都是对现在情况的假设,所以选
D
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3.(2014﹒全国大纲)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to
shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】句意:尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货,但是它一般不是购物便宜地方。此处 can 意为“能”。
根据句意选 D
4.(2014﹒福建)________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from
around the world.
A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been
【答案】A 
【解析】句意:要是没有现代的通,我们干个星期才获得自世界各地息。
“要是没有现代的通”是对现在情况的一假设,故从句中使用一般过去时态,省略 if 后把 were
从句主语前。故选A项。
5.(2014﹒湖南)If Mr Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people
there.
A. were   B. had been C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果 Dewey 时在的话,他就会可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的
would have offered 可知,这是对过去的虚拟,故条件句用 had done
6.(2014﹒湖南)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
A. can't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“我已经为这次野炊准备各种各样的食物。”“你的意思是说我们不需要携带
东西”此处 needn't 表示“没有必要”。
7.(2014江苏)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A.might B.would C.should D.could
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他们这么竟然还带食物给我,这使我很过。should 表示“竟然”,符合,故
C项正确。might 可能;would 愿意;could
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8.(2014西)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
A. shall B. must C.need D. might
【答案】D
【解析】句意:生活是不可预料的,甚至最穷的人可能有的人。根据 unpredictable 可知表示
可能性,本题应该选might
9.(2014﹒陕西)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a
child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
【答案】C
【解析】would rather 宾语从句时,从句谓语动词用过去表示动发生在现在或将来,用“had
过去分词”表示动发生在过去。根据后一句中的 is 可知此处动词用过去,故选 C
10.(2014﹒四川)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at
weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
【答案】C
【解析】此处 would 表示过去习惯性的动,意为“过去常常”。句意:我仍旧记我快年,
那时我的常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园
11.(2014天津)________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. Should he catch
C. Has he caught D. Had he caught
【答案】D 
【解析】句意:如果他赶上了早晨火车,他开会就不会到了。根据题干中的后半句“he would
not have been late for the meeting.”可知,这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,此前面的从句中需用过去
完成时 had done。在 if 引导的虚拟语气中,句中有 were, should, had 时,可if 省去,并把 were, should,
had 到主语的前面构成部分倒装,故 D项正确。
12.(2014﹒浙)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they
________ to our help.
A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们在做调查的那几个里,他们一国外,否则的话他们就来我们了。从
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摘要:

专题15情态动词和虚拟语气【2021年】1.(2021·天津卷)Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A.needB.shouldC.couldD.must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。A.need需要;B.should应该,理应如此;C.could可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D.must一定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选...

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专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版.doc

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