2016年12月大学英语四级（第三套）真题

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　 2016 年12 月英语四级真题（卷三）　

Part I　　Writing　　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon

graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a

decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more

than 180words.

说明：由于 2016 年12 月四级考试全国共考了 2套听力，本套真题听力与前 2套内容完全一样，只是顺

序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from

a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your

choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it

comes to one of the crudest crimes—animal fighting—things __26__ work out that way. Dog-fighting victims are

__27__ and killed for profit and “sport,” yet their criminal abusers often receive a __28__ sentence for causing a

lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation （缓刑）.

Some progress has been made in the prosecution（起诉）of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely

heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they __29__ penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those

guidelines are outdated and extremely __30__ .

The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which __31__ these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to

raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right __32__ , but we’d like to see the

U.S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines.

Along with this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to __33__ anti-

cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal __34__ that

care for animal fighting victims. This help is__35__ important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a

major factor that prevents people from getting involved in cruelty cases in the first place.

A) convenient B) creates C) critically D) determine E) direction F) hesitate G) inadequate

H) inspired I) method J) minimal K) rarely L) shelters M) strengthen N) sufferings

O) tortured

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains

information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may

choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

When Work Becomes a Game

A)What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of

rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.

B)Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as

“gamification”: essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes

games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and

applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification

expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

C)It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners,

or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees

how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to L’Oreal to IBM to Wells Fargo are

known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A

recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by

2020.

D)The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachers have long

looked for fun ways to engage people’s reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its

snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of- the-century steel

magnate（巨头）Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel

produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

E)But the word “gamification” and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest

about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is

especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “ We are at a point where in much of the developed world

the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play

these video games too，” Werbach says.

F)A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent

years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees’ ordinary

job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a game game-like is that the player actually cares about

the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which

requires some understanding of psychology.”

G)Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For

them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members,

complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winning at all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration

and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and

boost employees’ morale （士气）.When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of

their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.

H)Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cometti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings.

Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales

training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-

themed educational exercises to earn various rewards. “Rewards do not have to be stuff,” Cometti says. “Rewards can

be flexible working hours.” Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

theme. “Snow White” is available for everyone to use, but the “dwarfs” are still under copyright, so Cometti invented

sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.

I)Some people do not take naturally to gamified work environments, Cometti says. In her experience, people in

positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like the sound of the word. “If we are designing

for engineers, I’m not talking about a ‘game’at all,” Cometti says. “I’m talking about a ‘simulation’（模拟），I’m

talking about ‘ being able to solve this problem. ’ ”

J) Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach warns. A gamification strategy that is not sufficiently thought

through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it will not motivate people in the long

term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid

workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the

Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large

digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some

employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to stop taking bathroom

breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los

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摘要：

　2016年12月英语四级真题（卷三）　PartI　　Writing　　(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wo...

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2016年12月大学英语四级（第三套）真题

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