专题13 阅读理解议论文-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（原卷版）

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编

专题 13 阅读理解议论文（原卷版）

〖2023 年高考真题题组〗

【2023▪全国乙卷】

If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you

cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for

most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many

literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,

but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps

the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English

side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only

a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what

was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written

reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or

deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often

have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of

Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most

powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider

contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily

twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the

texts, but the objects.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.

C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.

33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?

A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.

C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.

34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.

35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?

A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia

C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories

〖2022 年高考真题题组〗

【2022▪北京卷】

Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how

quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges

with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps

keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.

For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies

have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum

machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is

the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.

“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing

researchers.”

As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the

public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,

excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have

gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,

Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And

that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.

After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about

PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those

concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.

The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”

quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”

He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what

we are doing with others.”

Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.

I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just

as I trust Johnson.

31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.

A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited

32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?

A. His dominance in physics.

B. The competition in the field.

C. His confidence in PyQuantum.

D. The investment of tech companies.

33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.

34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?

B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?

C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?

D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?

【2022▪天津卷】

Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make

some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.

Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow

perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A

good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our

character, principles, ideals, and relationships.

What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a

destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their

happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only

when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work

accordingly to create a better world.

The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,

we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only

enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.

However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,

our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others

also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.

If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;

if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right

knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.

With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the

impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.

51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?

A. Making us simple-minded

B. Making us short-signted.

C. Leading us onto a busy road.

D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.

52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?

A. Through maintaining good health.

B. By going through pain and suffering.

C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.

D. Through offering help much needed by others.

53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题13阅读理解议论文（原卷版）〖2023年高考真题题组〗【2023▪全国乙卷】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachi...

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专题13 阅读理解议论文-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（原卷版）

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