1 Metasurface -Inspired Maintenance -Free IoT Tags

2025-04-30 0 0 626.45KB 4 页 10玖币

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Metasurface-Inspired

Maintenance-Free IoT Tags

Characterised in Both

Frequency and Time Domains

Masaya Tashiro1, Ashif Aminulloh Fathnan1, Yuta

Sugiura2, Akira Uchiyama3, and Hiroki Wakatsuchi1

1 Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya

Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan

2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama

223-8522 Japan

3 Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka

University, Suita 565-0871, Japan

Email: wakatsuchi.hiroki@nitech.ac.jp

We present metasurface-inspired maintenance-

free IoT tags that can be characterised not only by

frequency-domain profiles but also by time-

domain profiles. In particular, time-domain

characterisation is made possible by implementing

the waveform-selective mechanisms of recently

developed circuit-based metasurfaces that behave

differently, even at the same frequency, in

accordance with the pulse duration of the incident

wave. Our designs are numerically and

experimentally validated and potentially

contribute to accommodating an increasing

number of IoT tags within a single wireless

network while reducing maintenance effort.

Introduction: In recent years, wireless communication

technologies have been introduced into a wide variety of

devices, instruments and facilities thanks to the

development of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1]–[3], which

has had an ever-increasing impact on daily life, industries

and the economy. For instance, IoT devices enable us to

sense objects or collect multidimensional information

including variations in space and time [1]–[3]. However,

the greater the number of devices implemented to obtain an

extensive data set is, the greater the amount of effort needed

to maintain the entire system. Usually, IoT devices or

sensors send collected information, which consumes

energy and thus requires energy storage batteries. One

important issue is determining how such a large number of

devices can be realistically maintained, including the

replacement of batteries for long-term use. Potential

solutions may be found in reducing energy dissipation and

designing large-capacity batteries; however, these methods

are not suitable for low-cost IoT applications such as IoT

tags, which are employed to recognise user identification

numbers (IDs) or gestures [4]. Hence, it is more ideal to

remove the batteries while still maintaining the

corresponding sensing mechanism. This may be achieved

by observing the frequency profiles of waves scattered

from artificially engineered structures called metasurfaces

[5]–[8]. Metasurfaces are widely known to be capable of

controlling electromagnetic waves at will through use of

subwavelength unit cells. In this case, their frequency

characteristics can be associated with the IDs of IoT tags.

However, the use of frequency-domain characteristics may

not be sufficient for accommodating an increasing number

of IoT tags. As a potential solution, a series of recent

studies reported that circuit-based metasurfaces vary their

electromagnetic response, even at the same frequency,

depending on the incident waveform or pulse width [9]–

[12]. The pulse-width selectivity of such waveform-

selective metasurfaces has been exploited to increase the

number of degrees of freedom to address issues in antennas

[13], [14], electromagnetic compatibility [9], [12], wireless

communications [11], [15], signal processing [16], etc.

Similarly, the use of the pulse width dimension potentially

leads to an increase in the number of maintenance-free IoT

tags within a single wireless network. For this reason, this

study develops prototypes of metasurface-inspired

maintenance-free IoT tags that can be characterised not

only by frequency but also by pulse width related to time-

domain profiles. We present two types of maintenance-free

IoT tag designs that are demonstrated numerically and

experimentally. The first design is frequency dependent

and is characterised by frequency only. However, the

second design has an additional degree of freedom

associated with pulse width. Eventually, the second design

is experimentally tested in both wired and wireless

measurement setups.

Fig. 1 Proposed metasurface-inspired maintenance-free IoT tags.

(a) First design and (b) second design containing (c, d) additional

circuit components. (c) and (d) represent C-based and L-based

circuits, respectively. Measurement setups in (e) wired and (f)

wireless environments.

Theory and method: Our IoT tag designs were inspired by

recently developed circuit-based metasurfaces or so-called

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摘要：

1Metasurface-InspiredMaintenance-FreeIoTTagsCharacterisedinBothFrequencyandTimeDomainsMasayaTashiro1,AshifAminullohFathnan1,YutaSugiura2,AkiraUchiyama3,andHirokiWakatsuchi11DepartmentofEngineering,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,NagoyaInstituteofTechnology,Nagoya466-8555,Japan2GraduateSchoolofScienceand...

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