（英二）2021年考研英语真题

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2021
年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语
（
二
）
（
科目代码
：
204
）
☆考生注意事项少
1.
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5.
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，
将答题卡和试题册按规定交回
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（
以下信息考生必须认真填写
）
考生编号
考生姓名
Section
I
Use
of
English
Directions:
Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(
s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
mark
A,
B
,
C
or
D
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points
)
It's
not
difficult
to
set
targets
for
staff.
It
is
much
harder
,
1
,
to
understand
their
negative
consequences.
Most
work-related
behaviors
have
multiple
components.
2
one
and
the
others
become
distorted.
Travel
on
a
London
bus
and
you'll
3
see
how
this
works
with
drivers.
Watch
people
get
on
and
show
their
tickets.
Are
they
carefully
inspected?
Never.
Do
people
get
on
without
paying?
Of
course
!
Are
there
inspectors
to
4
that
people
have
paid?
Possibly
,
but
very
few.
And
people
who
run
for
the
bus?
They
are
5
How
about
jumping
lights?
Buses
do
so
almost
as
frequently
as
cyclists.
Why?
Because
the
target
is
6
People
complained
that
buses
were
late
and
infrequent.
7
,
the
number
of
buses
and
bus
lanes
were
increased
,
and
drivers
were
8
or
punished
according
to
the
time
they
took.
And
drivers
hit
their
targets.
But
they
9
hit
cyclists.
If
the
target
was
changed
to
10
,
you
would
have
more
inspectors
and
more
sensitive
pricing.
If
the
criterion
changed
to
safety
,
you
would
get
more
11
drivers
who
obeyed
traffic
laws.
But
both
these
criteria
would
be
at
the
expense
of
time.
There
is
another
12
:
people
became
immensely
inventive
in
hitting
targets.
Have
you
13
that
you
can
leave
on
a
flight
an
hour
late
but
still
arrive
on
time?
Tail
winds?
Of
course
not!
Airlines
have
simply
changed
the
time
a
14
is
meant
to
take.
A
one-hour
flight
is
now
billed
as
a
two-hour
flight.
The
15
of
the
story
is
simple.
Most
jobs
are
multidimensional
,
with
multiple
criteria.
Choose
one
criterion
and
you
may
well
16
others.
Everything
can
be
done
faster
and
made
cheaper
,
but
there
is
a
17
.
Setting
targets
can
and
does
have
unforeseen
negative
consequences.
This
is
not
an
argument
against
target-setting.
But
it
is
an
argument
for
exploring
consequences
first.
All
good
targets
should
have
multiple
criteria
18
critical
factors
such
as
time
,
money
,
quality
and
customer
feedback.
The
trick
is
not
only
to
19
just
one
or
even
two
dimensions
of
the
objective
,
but
also
to
understand
how
to
help
people
better
20
the
objective.
英语
（
二
）
试题
•
1
•
（
共
15
页
）
1
.
A.
therefore
B.
however
C.
again
D.
moreover
2.
A.
Emphasize
B.
Identify
C.
Assess
D.
Explain
3.
A.
nearly
B.
curiously
C.
eagerly
D.
quickly
4.
A.
claim
B.
prove
C.
check
D.
recall
5.
A.
threatened
B.
ignored
C.
mocked
D.
blamed
6.
A.
punctuality
B.
hospitality
C.
competition
D.
innovation
7.
A.
Yet
B.
So
C.
Besides
D.
Still
8.
A.
hired
B.
trained
C.
rewarded
D.
grouped
9.
A.
only
B.
rather
C.
once
D.
also
10.
A.
comfort
B.revenue
C.
efficiency
D.
security
11.
A.
friendly
B.
quiet
C.
cautious
D.
diligent
12.
A.
purpose
B.
problem
C.
prejudice
D.
policy
13.
A.
reported
B.
revealed
C.
admitted
D.
noticed
14.
A.
break
B.
trip
C.
departure
D.
transfer
15.
A.
moral
B.
background
C.
style
D.
form
16.
A.
interpret
B.
criticize
C.
sacrifice
D.
tolerate
17.
A.
task
B.
secret
C.
product
D.
cost
18.
A.
leadingto
B.
calling
for
C.
relating
to
D.
accounting
for
19.
A.
specify
B.
predict
C.
restore
D.
create
20.
A.
modify
B.
review
C.
present
D.
achieve
Section
H
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
A,
B
,
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(40
points
)
英语
（
二
）
试题
.2.
（
共
15
页
）
Text
1
"Reskilling
”
is
something
that
sounds
like
a
buzzword
but
is
actually
a
requirement
if
we
plan
to
have
a
future
in
which
a
lot
of
would-be
workers
do
not
get
left
behind.
We
know
we
are
moving
into
a
period
where
the
jobs
in
demand
will
change
rapidly
,
as
will
the
requirements
of
the
jobs
that
remain.
Research
by
the
World
Economic
Forum
finds
that
on
average
42
per
cent
of
the
u
core
skills
within
job
roles
will
change
by
2022.
That
is
a
very
short
timeline.
The
question
of
who
should
pay
for
reskilling
is
a
thorny
one.
For
individual
companies
,
the
temptation
is
always
to
let
go
of
workers
whose
skills
are
no
longer
in
demand
and
replace
them
with
those
whose
skills
are.
That
does
not
always
happen.
AT&T
is
often
given
as
the
gold
standard
of
a
company
who
decided
to
do
a
massive
reskilling
program
rather
than
go
with
a
fire-and-hire
strategy.
Other
companies
had
also
pledged
to
create
their
own
plans.
When
the
skills
mismatch
is
in
the
broader
economy
though
,
the
focus
usually
turns
to
government
to
handle.
Efforts
in
Canada
and
elsewhere
have
been
arguably
languid
at
best,
and
have
given
us
a
situation
where
we
frequently
hear
of
employers
begging
for
workers
even
at
times
and
in
regions
where
unemployment
is
high.
With
the
pandemic
,
unemployment
is
very
high
indeed.
In
February
,
at
3.
5
per
cent
and
5.
5
per
cent
respectively
,
unemployment
rates
in
Canada
and
the
United
States
were
at
generational
lows
and
worker
shortages
were
everywhere.
As
of
May,
those
rates
had
spiked
up
to
13.
3
per
cent
and
13.7
per
cent,
and
although
many
worker
shortages
had
disappeared
,
not
all
had
done
so.
In
the
medical
field
,
to
take
an
obvious
example
,
the
pandemic
meant
that
there
were
still
clear
shortages
of
doctors
,
nurses
and
other
medical
personnel.
Of
course
,
it
is
not
like
you
can
take
an
unemployed
waiter
and
train
him
to
be
a
doctor
in
a
few
weeks.
But
even
if
you
cannot
close
that
gap,
maybe
you
can
close
others
,
and
doing
so
would
be
to
the
benefit
of
all
concerned.
That
seems
to
be
the
case
in
Sweden:
when
forced
to
furlough
90
per
cent
of
their
cabin
staff,
Scandinavian
Airline
decided
to
start
up
a
short
retaining
program
that
reskilled
the
laid-off
workers
to
support
hospital
staff.
The
effort
was
a
collective
one
and
involved
other
companies
as
well
as
a
Swedish
university.
英语
（
二
）
试题
.3.
（
共
15
页
）
摘要：

绝密★启用前2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项少1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必...

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