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240 BC

THE PAPYRUS OF ANI

(THE EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD)

Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge

HYMN TO OSIRIS

"Homage to thee, Osiris, Lord of eternity, King of the Gods, whose names are manifold, whose forms are holy,

thou being of hidden form in the temples, whose Ka is holy. Thou art the governor of Tattu (Busiris), and also the

mighty one in Sekhem (Letopolis). Thou art the Lord to whom praises are ascribed in the nome of Ati, thou art the

Prince of divine food in Anu. Thou art the Lord who is commemorated in Maati, the Hidden Soul, the Lord of Qerrt

(Elephantine), the Ruler supreme in White Wall (Memphis). Thou art the Soul of Ra, his own body, and hast thy

place of rest in Henensu (Herakleopolis). Thou art the beneficent one, and art praised in Nart. Thou makest thy soul

to be raised up. Thou art the Lord of the Great House in Khemenu (Hermopolis). Thou art the mighty one of

victories in Shas-hetep, the Lord of eternity, the Governor of Abydos. The path of his throne is in Ta-tcheser (a part

of Abydos). Thy name is established in the mouths of men. Thou art the substance of Two Lands (Egypt). Thou art

Tem, the feeder of Kau (Doubles), the Governor of the Companies of the gods. Thou art the beneficent Spirit

among the spirits. The god of the Celestial Ocean (Nu) draweth from thee his waters. Thou sendest forth the north

wind at eventide, and breath from thy nostrils to the satisfaction of thy heart. Thy heart reneweth its youth, thou

producest the.... The stars in the celestial heights are obedient unto thee, and the great doors of the sky open

themselves before thee. Thou art he to whom praises are ascribed in the southern heaven, and thanks are given for

thee in the northern heaven. The imperishable stars are under thy supervision, and the stars which never set are thy

thrones. Offerings appear before thee at the decree of Keb. The Companies of the Gods praise thee, and the gods of

the Tuat (Other World) smell the earth in paying homage to thee. The uttermost parts of the earth bow before thee,

and the limits of the skies entreat thee with supplications when they see thee. The holy ones are overcome before

thee, and all Egypt offereth thanksgiving unto thee when it meeteth Thy Majesty. Thou art a shining Spirit-Body,

the governor of Spirit-Bodies; permanent is thy rank, established is thy rule. Thou art the well-doing Sekhem

(Power) of the Company of the Gods, gracious is thy face, and beloved by him that seeth it. Thy fear is set in all the

lands by reason of thy perfect love, and they cry out to thy name making it the first of names, and all people make

offerings to thee. Thou art the lord who art commemorated in heaven and upon earth. Many are the cries which are

made to thee at the Uak festival, and with one heart and voice Egypt raiseth cries of joy to thee.

"Thou art the Great Chief, the first among thy brethren, the Prince of the Company of the Gods, the stablisher of

Right and Truth throughout the World, the Son who was set on the great throne of his father Keb. Thou art the

beloved of thy mother Nut, the mighty one of valour, who overthrew the Sebau-fiend. Thou didst stand up and

smite thine enemy, and set thy fear in thine adversary. Thou dost bring the boundaries of the mountains. Thy heart

is fixed, thy legs are set firm. Thou art the heir of Keb and of the sovereignty of the Two Lands (Egypt). He (Keb)

hath seen his splendours, he hath decreed for him the guidance of the world by thy hand as long as times endure.

Thou hast made this earth with thy hand, and the waters, and the winds, and the vegetation, and all the cattle, and

all the feathered fowl, and all the fish, and all the creeping things, and all the wild animals therof. The desert is the

lawful possession of the son of Nut. The Two Lands (Egypt) are content to crown thee upon the throne of thy

father, like Ra.

"Thou rollest up into the horizon, thou hast set light over the darkness, thou sendest forth air from thy plumes, and

thou floodest the Two Lands like the Disk at daybreak. Thy crown penetrateth the height of heaven, thou art the

companion of the stars, and the guide of every god. Thou art beneficent in decree and speech, the favoured one of

the Great Company of the Gods, and the beloved of the Little Company of the Gods. His sister [Isis] hath

protected him, and hath repulsed the fiends, and turned aside calamities (of evil). She uttered the spell with the

magical power of her mouth. Her tongue was perfect, and it never halted at a word. Beneficent in command and

word was Isis, the woman of magical spells, the advocate of her brother. She sought him untiringly, she wandered

round and round about this earth in sorrow, and she alighted not without finding him. She made light with her

feathers, she created air with her wings, and she uttered the death wail for her brother. She raised up the inactive

members of whose heart was still, she drew from him his essence, she made an heir, she reared the child in

loneliness, and the place where he was not known, and he grew in strength and stature, and his hand was mighty in

the House of Keb. The Company of the Gods rejoiced, rejoiced, at the coming of Horus, the son of Osiris, whose

heart was firm, the triumphant, the son of Isis, the heir of Osiris."

Following is a list of frequently-mentioned geographical locations, and their commonly-known names:

Abtu Abydos

Abu Elephantine

Anu Heliopolis

Bast Bubastis

Hensu Herakleopolis

Het-ka-Ptah Memphis

Khemenu Hermopolis

Per-Menu Panopolis

Qerrt Elephantine

Sau Sais

Sekhem Letopolis

Suat Asyut

Tetu Busiris

Two Lands Upper and Lower Egypt

Unu Hermopolis

A HYMN OF PRAISE TO RA WHEN HE RISETH IN THE EASTERN PART OF HEAVEN:

Behold, the Osiris Ani, the scribe of the holy offerings of all the gods, saith: Homage to thee, O thou who hast

come as Khepera, Khepera the creator of the gods, Thou art seated on thy throne, thou risest up in the sky,

illumining thy mother [Nut], thou art seated on thy throne as the king of the gods. [Thy] mother Nut stretcheth out

her hands, and performeth an act of homage to thee. The domain of Manu receiveth thee with satisfaction. The

goddess Maat embraceth thee at the two seasons of the day. May Ra give glory, and power, and thruth-speaking,

and the appearance as a living soul so that he may gaze upon Heru-khuti, to the KA of the Osiris the Scribe Ani,

who speaketh truth before Osiris, and who saith: Hail, O all ye gods of the House of the Soul, who weigh heaven

and earth in a balance, and who give celestial food [to the dead]. Hail, Tatun, [who art] One, thou creator of mortals

[and] of the Companies of the Gods of the South and of the North, of the West and of the East, ascribe ye praise to

Ra, the lord of heaven, the KING, Life, Strength, and Health, the maker of the gods. Give ye thanks unto him in his

beneficent form which is enthroned in the Atett Boat; beings celestial praise thee, beings terrestial praise thee.

Thoth and the goddess Maat mark out thy course for thee day by day and every day. Thine enemy the Serpent hath

been given over to the fire. The Serpent-fiend Sebau hath fallen headlong, his forelegs are bound in chains, and his

hind legs hath Ra carried away from him. The Sons of Revolt shall never more rise up. The House of the Aged One

keepeth festival, and the voices of those who make merry are in the Great Place. The gods rejoice when they see Ra

crowned upon his throne, and when his beams flood the world with light. The majesty of this holy god setteth out

on his journey, and he goeth onwards until he reacheth the land of Manu; the earth becometh light at his birth each

day; he proceedeth until he reacheth the place where he was yesterday. O be thou at peace with me. Let me gaze

upon thy beauties. Let me journey above the earth. Let me smite the Ass. Let me slit asunder the Serpent-fiend

Sebau. Let me destroy Aepep at the moment of his greatest power. Let me behold the Abtu Fish at his season, and

the Ant Fish with the Ant Boat as it piloteth it in its lake. Let me behold Horus when he is in charge of the rudder

[of the Boat of Ra], with Thoth and the goddess Maat on each side of him. Let me lay hold of the tow-rope of the

Sektet Boat, and the rope at the stern of the Matett Boat. Let Ra grant to me a view of the Disk (the Sun), and a

sight of Ah (the Moon) unfailingly each day. Let my Ba-soul come forth to walk about hither and thither and

whithersoever it pleaseth. Let my name be called out, let it be found inscribed on the tablet which recordeth the

names of those who are to receive offerings. Let meals from the sepulchral offerings be given to me in the presence

[of Osiris], as to those who are in the following of Horus. Let there be prepared for me a seat in the Boat of the Sun

on the day wheron the god saileth. Let me be received in the presence of Osiris in the Land of Truth-speaking- the

Ka of Osiris Ani.

(From the Papyrus of Nekht, Brit. Mus

. No. 10471, Sheet 21)

NEKHT, THE CAPTAIN OF SOLDIERS, THE ROYAL SCRIBE, SINGETH A HYMN OF PRAISE TO RA,

and saith:- Homage to thee, O thou glorious Being, thou who art dowered [with all sovereignty]. O Tem-Heru-

Khuti (Tem-Harmakhis), when thou risest in the horizon of heaven a cry of joy goeth forth to thee from all people.

O thou beautiful Being, thou dost renew thyself in thy season in the form of the Disk, within thy mother Hathor.

Therefore in every place every heart swelleth with joy at thy rising for ever. The regions of the South and the North

come to thee with homage, and send forth acclamations at thy rising on the horizon of heaven, and thou illuminest

the Two Lands with rays of turquoise-[coloured] light. O Ra, who art Heru-Khuti, the divine man-child, the heir of

eternity, self -begotten and self-born, king of the earth, prince of the Tuat (the Other World), governor of Aukert,

thou didst come from the Water-god, thou didst spring from the Sky-god Nu, who doth cherish thee and order thy

members. O thou god of life, thou lord of love, all men live when thou shinest; thou art crowned king of the gods.

The goddess Nut embraceth thee, and the goddess Mut enfoldeth thee at all seasons. Those who are in thy following

sing unto thee with joy, and they bow down their foreheads to the earth when they meet thee, the lord of heaven, the

lord of the earth, the King of Truth, the lord of eternity, the prince of everlastingness, thou sovereign of all the gods,

thou god of life, thou creator of eternity, thou maker of heaven wherin thou art firmly stablished.The Company of

the Gods rejoice at thy rising, the earth is glad when it beholdeth thy rays; the people who have been long dead

come forth with cries of joy to behold thy beauties every day. Thou goest forth each day over heaven and earth, and

thou art made strong each day be thy mother Nut. Thou passest over the heights of heaven, thy heart swelleth with

joy; and the Lake of Testes (the Great Oasis) is

content thereat. The Serpent-fiend hath fallen, his arms are hewn

off, the Knife hath severed his joints. Ra liveth by Maat (Law), the beautiful! The Sektet Boat advanceth and

cometh into port. The South and the North, and the West and East, turn to praise thee. O thou First, Great God

(PAUTA), who didst come into being of thine own accord, Isis and Nephthys salute thee, they sing unto thee songs

of joy at thy rising in the boat, they stretch out their hands unto thee. The Souls of the East follow thee, and the

Souls of the West praise thee. Thou art the Ruler of all the gods. Thou in thy shrine hast joy, for the Serpent-fiend

Nak hath been judged by the fire, and thy heart shall rejoice for ever. Thy mother Nut is esteemed by thy father Nu.

HYMN TO OSIRIS UN-NEFER

A Hymn of Praise to Osiris Un-Nefer, the great god who dwelleth in Abtu, the king of eternity, the lord of

everlastingness, who traverseth millions of years in his existence. Thou art the eldest son of the womb of Nut. Thou

was begotten by Keb, the Erpat. Thou art the lord of the Urrt Crown. Thou art he whose White Crown is lofty.

Thou art the King (Ati) of gods [and] men. Thou hast gained possession of the sceptre of rule, and the whip, and the

rank and dignity of thy divine fathers. Thy heart is expanded with joy, O thou who art in the kingdom of the dead.

Thy son Horus is firmly placed on thy throne. Thou hast ascended thy throne as the Lord of Tetu, and as the Heq

who dwelleth in Abydos. Thou makest the Two Lands to flourish through Truth-speaking, in the presence of him

who is the Lord to the Uttermost Limit. Thou drawest on that which hath not yet come into being in thy name of

"Ta-her-sta-nef." Thou governest the Two Lands by Maat in thy name of "Seker." Thy power is wide-spread, thou

art he of whom the fear is great in thy name of "Usar" (or "Asar"). Thy existence endureth for an infinite number of

double henti periods in thy name of "Un-Nefer." Homage to thee, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, and Prince of

Princes. Thou hast ruled the Two Lands from the womb of the goddess Nut. Thou hast governed the Lands of

Akert. Thy members are of silver-gold, thy head is of lapis-lazuli, and the crown of thy head is of turquoise. Thou

art An of millions of years. Thy body is all pervading, O Beautiful Face in Ta-tchesert. Grant thou to me glory in

heaven, and power upon earth, and truth-speaking in the Divine Underworld, and [the power to] sail down the river

to Tetu in the form of a living Ba-soul, and [the power to] sail up the river to Abydos in the form of a Benu bird,

and [the power to] pass in through and to pass out from, without obstruction, the doors of the lords of the Tuat. Let

there be given unto me bread-cakes in the House of Refreshing, and sepulchral offerings of cakes and ale, and

propitiatory offerings in Anu, and a permanent homestead in Sekhet-Aaru, with wheat and barley therein- to the

Double of the Osiris, the scribe Ani.

THE CHAPTERS OF COMING FORTH BY DAY

HERE BEGIN THE CHAPTERS OF COMING FORTH BY DAY, AND THE SONGS OF PRAISING AND

GLORIFYING WHICH ARE TO BE RECITED FOR "COMING FORTH" AND FOR ENTERING INTO

KHERT-NETER, AND THE SPELLS WHICH ARE TO BE SAID IN BEAUTIFUL AMENTET. THEY SHALL

BE RECITED ON THE DAY OF THE FUNERAL, ENTERING IN AFTER COMING FORTH.

The Osiris Ani, the Osiris the scribe Ani saith:- Homage to thee, O Bull of Amentet, Thoth the king of eternity is

with me. I am the great god by the side of the divine boat, I have fought for thee, I am one of those gods, those

divine chiefs, who proved the truth-speaking of Osiris before his enemies on the day of the weighing of words. I am

thy kinsman Osiris. I am [one of] those gods who were the children of the goddess Nut, who hacked in pieces the

enemies of Osiris, and who bound in fetters the legion of Sebau devils on his behalf. I am thy kinsman Horus, I

have fought on thy behalf, I have come to thee for thy name's sake. I am Thoth who proved the truth of the words of

Osiris before his enemies on the day of the weighing of words in the great House of the Prince, who dwelleth in

Anu. I am Teti, the son of Teti. My mother conceived me in Tetu, and gave birth to me in Tetu. I am with the

mourners [and with] the women who tear out their hair and make lament for Osiris in Taui-Rekhti, proving true the

words of Osiris before his enemies. Ra commanded Thoth to prove true the words of Osiris before his enemies;

what was commanded [for Osiris], let that be done for me by Thoth. I am with Horus on the day of dressing

Teshtesh. I open the hidden water-springs for the ablutions of Urt-ab. I unbolt the door of the Shetait Shrine in Ra-

stau. I am with Horus as the protector of the left shoulder of Osiris, the dweller in Sekhem. I enter in among and I

come forth from the Flame-gods on the day of the destruction of the Sebau fiends in Sekhem. I am with Horus on

the day[s] of the festivals of Osiris, at the making of offerings and oblations, namely, on the festival which is

celebrated on the sixth day of the month, and on the day of the Tenat festival in Anu. I am the UAB priest

(libationer) in Tetu, Rera, the dweller in Per-Asar. I exalt him that is upon the high place of the country. I look upon

the hidden things (the mysteries) in Ra-stau. I recite the words of the liturgy of the festival of the Soul-god in Tetu.

I am the SEM priest, and [perform] his duties. I am the UR-KHERP-HEM priest on the day of placing the Henu

Boat of Seker upon its divine sledge. I have taken in my hand the digging tool on the day of digging up the earth in

Hensu. Hail, O ye who make perfect souls to enter into the House of Osiris, make ye the well-instructed soul of the

Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true, to enter in and to be with you in the House of Osiris. Let him hear even as

ye hear; let him have sight even as ye have sight; let him stand up even as ye stand up; let him take his seat even as

ye take your seats. Hail, O ye who give cakes and ale to perfect souls in the House of Osiris, give ye cakes and ale

twice each day (in the morning and in the evening) to the soul of the Osiris Ani, whose word is true before the gods,

the Lords of Abydos, and whose word is true with you.Hail, O ye who open up the way, who act as guides to the

roads [in the Other World] to perfect souls in the House of Osiris, open ye up for him the way, and act ye as guides

to the roads to the soul of the Osiris, the scribe, the registrary of all the offerings made to the gods, Ani, [whose

word is true] with you. May he enter the House of Osiris with boldness, and may he come forth therefrom in peace.

May there be no opposition made to him, and may he not be sent back [therefrom]. May he enter in under favour

[of Osiris], and may he come forth gratified [at the acceptance of] his true words. May his commands be performed

in the House of Osiris, may his words travel with you, may he be glorious as ye are. May he be not found to be light

in the Balance, may the Balance dispose of his case.

(In the Turin Papyrus, ed. Lepsius, this Chapter ends with the following.)

Permit thou not me to be judged according to the mouths of the multitude. May my soul lift itself up before

[Osir is], having been found to have been pure when on earth. May I come into thy presence, O Lord of the gods;

may I arrive at the Nome of Maati (Truth); may I rise up on my seat like a god endowed with life; may I give forth

light like the Company of the Gods who dwell in heaven; may I become like one of you; may I lift up my footsteps

in the town of Kher-Aha; may I look upon the Sektet Boat of the god, Saah, the holy one, as it passeth across the

sky; may I not be repulsed; may I look upon the Lords of the Tuat, or, according to another reading, the Company

of the Gods; may I smell the savour of the divine food of the Company of the Gods; may I sit down with them; may

my name be proclaimed for offerings by the KHER-HEB priest at the sacrificial table; may I hear the petitions

which are made when offerings are presented; may I draw nigh unto the Neshem Boat; and may neither my Heart-

soul nor its lord be repulsed. Homage to thee, O Chief of Amentet, thou god Osiris, who dwellest in the town of

Nifu-ur. Grant thou that I may arrive in peace in Amentet. May the Lords of Ta-Tchesert receive me, and may they

say unto me: "Hail, hail; welcome, welcome!" May they make ready for me a seat by the side of the President of the

Chiefs; may the Nursing-goddesses receive me at the seasons, and may I come forth into the presence of Un-Nefer

true of word. May I be a Follower of Horus in Ra-stau, and of Osiris in Tetu; and may I perform all the

transformations which my heart may desire to make in every place wherein my Double (KA) wisheth to be.

RUBRIC: If this text be known [by the deceased] upon earth or if he causeth it to be done in writing upon [his]

coffin, then will he be able to come forth on any day he pleaseth, and to enter into his habitation unrepulsed. Cakes

and ale and joints of meat from those which are on the altar of Ra shall be given unto him, and his homestead shall

be among the fields of the Field of Reeds (Sekhet-Aaru), and wheat and barley shall be given unto him therein, and

he shall flourish there even as he flourished upon earth.

(From the Papyrus of Nekhtu-Amen, ed. Naville, I, 5)

THE CHAPTER OF MAKING THE SAHU TO ENTER THE TUAT ON THE DAY OF THE FUNERAL,

WHEN THE FOLLOWING WORDS ARE TO BE SAID: Homage to thee, O thou who dwellest in the Holy Hill

(Set-Tchesert) of Amentet! The Osiris, the royal scribe, Nekhtu-Amen, whose word is true, knoweth thee, he

knoweth thy name. Deliver thou him from the worms which are in Ra-stau, which live upon the bodies of men and

women, and feed upon their blood, for Osiris, the favoured servant of the god of his city, the royal scribe Nekhtu-

Amen, knoweth you, and he knoweth your names. Let the order for his protection be the first command of Osiris,

the Lord to the Uttermost Limit, who keepeth his body hidden. May he give him release from the Terrible One who

dwelleth at the bend of the River of Amentet, and may he decree the acts that will make him to rise up. Let him

pass on to him whose throne is placed within the darkness, who giveth light in Ra-stau. O thou Lord of Light, come

thou and swallow up the worms which are in Amentet. Let the Great God who dwelleth in Tetu, and who is himself

unseen, hear his prayers, and let those who cause afflictions hold him in fear as he cometh forth with the sentence

of their doom to the Divine Block. I the Osiris, the royal scribe, Nekhtu-Amen, come, bearing the decree of Neb-er-

tcher, and I am the Horus who taketh possession of his throne for him. His father, the lord of all those who are in

the Boat of his Father Horus, hath ascribed praise unto him. He cometh bearing tidings....... let him see the town of

Anu. Their chief shall stand on the earth before him, the scribes shall magnify him at the doors of their assemblies,

and thy shall swathe im with swathings in Anu. He hath led heaven captive, and he hath seized the earth in his

grasp. Neither the heavens nor the earth can be taken away from him, for, behold, he is Ra, the firstborn of the

gods. His mother shall nurse him, and shall give him her breast on the horizon.

RUBRIC: The words of this Chapter shall be said after [the deceased] is laid to rest in Amentet; by means of them

the region Tenn-t shall be contented with her lord. And the Osiris, the royal scribe, Nekhtu-Amen, whose word is

truth, shall come forth, and he shall embark in the Boat of Ra, and [his] body upon its bier shall be counted up, and

he shall be established in the Tuat.

THE CHAPTER OF GIVING A MOUTH TO THE OSIRIS ANI, THE SCRIBE, AND TELLER OF THE

OFFERINGS WHICH ARE MADE TO ALL THE GODS, WHOSE WORD IS TRUE, WHO SAITH:- I rise up

out of the Egg in the Hidden Land.

May my mouth be given unto me that I may speak therewith in the presence of the Great God, the Lord of the Tuat.

Let not my hand and my arm be repulsed in the presence of the Chiefs (Tchatchau) of any god. I am Osiris, the

Lord of Ra-stau. May I, the Osiris, the scribe Ani, whose word is true, have my portion with him who is on the top

of the Steps (Osiris). According to the desire of my heart I have come forth from the Island of Nesersert, and I have

extinguished the fire.

[The following passage is taken from the Saite Recension]

[THE CHAPTER OF GIVING A MOUTH TO THE OSIRIS, THE SCRIBE ANI, WHO SAITH]:- Homage to

thee, O thou lord of brightness, Governor of the Temple, Prince of the night and of the thick darkness. I have come

unto thee. I am shining, I am pure. My hands are about thee, thou hast thy lot with thy ancestors. Give thou unto me

my mouth that I may speak with it. I guide my heart at its season of flame and of night.

RUBRIC: If this Chapter be known by the Osiris the scribe Ani, upon earth, [or if it be done] in writing upon [his]

coffin, he shall come forth by day in every form which he pleaseth, and he shall enter into [his] abode, and shall not

be repulsed. And cakes, and ale, and joints of meat [from those which are on] the altar of Osiris shall be given unto

him; and he shall enter in peace into Sekhet-Aaru, conformably to the decree of the Dweller in Busiris. Wheat and

barley (dhura) shall be given unto him therein, and he shall flourish there just as he did upon earth; and he shall do

whatsoever it pleaseth him to do, even as do the Company of the Gods who are in the Tuat, regularly and

continually, for millions of times.

(From the Paprys of Nebseni, Sheet 3)

THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY AND OF OPENING UP A WAY THROUGH THE AMEHET:

Behold, the scribe Nebseni, whose word is truth, saith:- Homage to you, O ye Lords of Kau, ye who are without sin,

and who live for the endless and infinite aeons of time which make up eternity. I have opened up a way for myself

to you. I have become a spirit in my forms, I have gotten the mastery over my words of magical power, and I am

adjudged a spirit; therefore deliver ye me from the Crocodile [which liveth in] this Country of Truth. Grant ye to

me my mouth that I may speak therewith, and cause ye that sepulchral offerings shall be made unto me in your

presence, for I know you, and I know your names, and I know also the name of the mighty god before whose face

ye set your celestial food. His name is "Tekem." [When] he openeth up his path on the eastern horizon of heaven,

[when] he alighteth towards the western horizon of heaven, may he carry me along with him, and may I be safe and

sound. Let not the Mesqet make an end of me, let not the Fiend (Sebau) gain the mastery over me, let me not be

driven away from the doors of the Other World, let not you doors be shut in my face, for my cakes are in the city of

Pe, and my ale is in the city of Tep. And there, in the celestial mansions of heaven which my divine father Tem

hath stablished, let my hands lay hold upon the wheat and the barley, which shall be given unto me therein in

abundant measure, and may the son of my own body make ready for me my food therein. And grant ye unto me

when I am there sepulchral meals, and incense, and unguents, and all the pure and beautiful things whereon the god

liveth, in every deed for ever, in all the transformations which it pleaseth me [to perform], and grant unto me the

power to float down and to sail up the stream in the Field of Reeds (Sekhet-Aaru), [and may I reach Sekhet-hetepet

(the Field of Offerings)]. I am the twin Lion-gods (Shu and Tefnut).

TEXTS RELATING TO THE WEIGHING OF THE HEART OF ANI

THE NAMES OF THE GODS OF THE GREAT COMPANY:- 1. Ra Harmakhis, the Great God in his boat. 2.

Temu. 3. Shu. 4. Tefnut. 5. Keb. 6. Nut, the Lady of Heaven. 7. Isis. 8. Nephthys. 9. Horus, the Great God. 10.

Hathor, Lady of Amentet. 11. Hu. 12. Sa.

THE PRAYER OF ANI:- My heart, my mother; my heart, my mother! My heart whereby I came into being! May

nought stand up to oppose me at [my] judgment, may there be no opposition to me in the presence of the Chiefs

(Tchatchau); may there be no parting of thee from me in the presence of him that keepeth the Balance! Thou art my

KA, which dwelleth in my body; the god Khnemu who knitteth together and strengtheneth my limbs. Mayest thou

come forth into the place of happiness whither we go. May the Sheniu officials, who make the conditions of the

lives of men, not cause my name to stink, and may no lies be spoken against me in the presence of the God. [Let it

be satisfactory unto us, and let the Listener god be favourable unto us, and let there be joy of heart (to us) at the

weighing of words. Let not that which is false be uttered against me before the Great God, the Lord of Amentet.

Verily, how great shalt thou be when thou

risest in triumph.]

THE SPEECH OF THOTH:- Thoth, the judge of right and truth of the Great Company of the Gods who are in the

presence of Osiris, saith: Hear ye this judgment. The heart of Osiris hath in very truth been weighed, and his Heart-

soul hath borne testimony on his behalf; his heart hath been found right by the trial in the Great Balance. There hath

not been found any wickedness in him; he hath not wasted the offerings which have been made in the temples; he

hath not committed any evil act; and he hath not set his mouth in motion with words of evil whilst he was upon

earth.

SPEECH OF THE DWELLER IN THE EMBALMMENT CHAMBER (ANUBIS):- Pay good heed, O righteous

Judge to the Balance to support [the testimony] thereof. Variant: Pay good heed to the weighing in the Balance of

the heart of the Osiris, the singing-woman of Amen, Anhai, whose word is truth, and place thou her heart in the seat

of truth in the presence of the Great God.

THE SPEECH OF THE GODS:- The Great Company of the Gods say to Thoth who dwelleth in Khemenu: That

which cometh forth from thy mouth shall be declared true. The Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true, is holy

and righteous. He hath not committed any sin, and he hath done no evil against us. The devourer Am-mit shall not

be permitted to prevail over him. Meat offerings and admittance into the presence of the god Osiris shall be granted

unto him, together with an abiding habitation in the Field of Offerings (Sekhet-hetepet), as unto the Followers of

Horus.

THE SPEECH OF HORUS TO OSIRIS IN INTRODUCING ANI TO HIM:- Horus, the son of Isis, saith: I have

come to thee, O Un-Nefer, and I have brought unto thee the Osiris Ani. His heart is righteous, and it

hath come forth from the Balance; it hath not sinned against any god or any goddess. Thoth hath weighed it

according to the decree pronounced unto him by the Company of the Gods, and it is most true and righteous. Grant

thou that cakes and ale may be given unto him, and let him appear in the presence of the god Osiris, and let him be

like unto the Followers of Horus for ever and ever.

THE SPEECH OF ANI:- And the Osiris Ani saith: Behold, I am in thy presence, O Lord of Amentet. There is no

sin in my body. I have not spoken that which is not true knowingly, nor have I done anything with a false heart.

Grant thou that I may be like unto those favoured ones who are in thy following, and that I may be an Osiris greatly

favoured of the beautiful god, and beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands, I who am a veritable royal scribe who

loveth thee, Ani, whose word is true before the god Osiris.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BEAST AM-MIT:- Her forepart is like that of a crocodile, the middle of her body is like

that of a lion, her hind quarters are like those of a hippopotamus.

HERE BEGIN THE PRAISES AND GLORIFYINGS OF COMING OUT FROM AND OF GOING INTO THE

GLORIOUS KHERT-NETER, WHICH IS IN THE BEAUTIFUL AMENTET, OF COMING FORTH BY DAY

IN ALL THE FORMS OF EXISTENCE WHICH IT MAY PLEASE THE DECEASED TO TAKE, OF PLAYING

AT DRAUGHTS, OF SITTING IN THE SEH HALL, AND OF APPEARING AS A LIVING SOUL: The Osiris

the scribe Ani saith after he hath arrived in his haven

of rest- now it is good for [a man] to recite [this work whilst he is] upon earth, for then all the words of Tem come

to pass-

"I am the god Tem in rising. I am the Only One. I came into existence in Nu. I am Ra who rose in the beginning,

the ruler of this [creation]."

Who is this?

"It is Ra, when at the beginning he rose in the city of Hensu, crowned like a king for his coronation. The Pillars of

the god Shu were not as yet created, when he was upon the steps of him that dwelleth in Khemenu. "I am the Great

God who created himself, even Nu, who made his names to become the Company of the Gods as gods."

Who is this?

"It is Ra, the creator of the names of his limbs, which came into being in the form of the gods who are in the train

of Ra. "I am he who cannot be repulsed among the gods."

Who is this?

"It is Temu, the dweller in his disk, but others say that it is Ra when he riseth in the eastern horizon of the sky. "I

am Yesterday, I know To-day."

Who is this?

"Yesterday is Osiris, and To-day is Ra, when he shall destroy the enemies of Neb-er-tcher (the lord to the

uttermost limit), and when he shall establish as prince and ruler his son Horus. "Others, however, say that To-day

is Ra, on the day when we commemorate the festival of the meeting of the dead Osiris with his father Ra, and when

the battle of the gods was fought, in which Osiris, the Lord of Amentet, was the leader."

What is this?

"It is Amentet, [that is to say] the creation of the souls of the gods when Osiris was leader in Set-Amentet.

"Others, however, say that it is the Amentet which Ra hath given unto me; when any god cometh he must rise up

and fight for it. "I know the god who dwelleth therein."

Who is this?

"It is Osiris. Others, however, say that his name is Ra, and that the god who dwelleth in Amentet is the phallus of

Ra, wherewith he had union with himself. "I am the Benu bird which is in Anu. I am the keeper of the volume of

the book (the Tablet of Destiny) of the things which have been made, and of the things which shall be made."

Who is this?

"It is Osiris. "Others, however, say that it is the dead body of Osiris, and yet others say that it is the excrement of

Osiris. The things which have been made, and the things which shall be made [refer to] the dead body of Osiris.

Others again say that the things which have been made are Eternity, and the things which shall be made are

Everlastingness, and that Eternity is the Day, and Everlastingness the Night. "I am the god Menu in his coming

forth; may his two plumes be set on my head for me."

Who is this?

"Menu is Horis, the Advocate of his father [Osiris], and his coming forth means his birth. The two plumes on his

head are Isis and Nephthys, when these goddesses go forth and set themselves thereon, and when they act as his

protectors, and when they provide that which his head lacketh. "Others, however, say that the two plumes are the

two exceedingly large uraei which are upon the head of their father Tem, and there are yet others who say that the

two plumes which are upon the head of Menu are his two eyes.

"The Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true, the registrar of all the offerings which are made to the gods, riseth

up and cometh into his city."

What is this [city]?

"It is the horizon of his father Tem. "I have made an end of my shortcomings, and I have put away my

faults."

What is this?

"It is the cutting of the navel string of the body of the Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true before all the gods,

and all his faults are driven out.

What is this ?

"It is the purification [of Osiris] on the day of his birth. "I am purified in my great double nest which is in Hensu

on the day of the offerings of the followers of the Great God who dwelleth therein."

What is the "great double nest"?

"The name of one nest is 'Millions of years,' and 'Great Green [Sea]' is the name of the other, that is to say 'Lake of

Natron' and 'Lake of Salt.' "Others, however, say the name of the one is 'Guide of Millions of Years,' and that

'Great Green Lake' is name of the other. Yet others say that 'Begetter of Millions of Years' is the name of one, and

'Great Green Lake' is the name of the other. Now, as concerning the Great God who dwelleth therein, it is Ra

himself. "I pass over the way, I know the head of the Island of Maati."

What is this?

"It is Ra-stau, that is to say, it is the gate to the South of Nerutef, and it is the Northern Gate of the Domain (Tomb

of the god). "Now, as concerning the Island of Maati, it is Abtu. "Others, however, say that it is the way by

which Father Tem travelleth when he goeth forth to Sekhet-Aaru, [the place] which produceth the food and

sustenance of the gods who are [in] their shrines. "Now the Gate Tchesert is the Gate of the Pillars of Shu, that is to

say, the Northern Gate of the Tuat. "Others, however, say that the Gate of Tchesert is the two leaves of the door

through which the god Tem passeth when he goeth forth to the eastern horizon of the sky. "O ye gods who are in

the presence [of Osiris], grant to me your arms, for I am the god who shall come into being among you."

Who are these gods?

"They are the drops of blood which came forth from the phallus of Ra when he went forth to perform his own

mutilitation. These drops of blood sprang into being under the forms of the gods Hu and Sa, who are in the

bodyguard of Ra, and who accompany the god Tem daily and every day. "I, Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is

truth, have filled for thee the utchat (the Eye of Ra, or of Horus), when it had suffered extinction on the day of the

combat of the Two Fighters (Horus and Set)."

What was this combat?

It was the combat which took place on the day when Horus fought with Set, during which Set threw filth in the

face of Horus, and Horus crushed the genitals of Set. The filling of the utchat Thoth performed with his own

fingers. "I remove the thunder-cloud from the sky when there is a storm with thunder and lightning therein."

What is this?

"This storm was the raging of Ra at the thunder-cloud whic h [Set] sent forth against the Right Eye of Ra (the Sun).

Thoth removed the thunder-cloud from the Eye of Ra, and brought back the Eye living,

healthy, sound, and with no defect in it to its owner.

"Others, however, say that the thunder-cloud is caused by sickness in the Eye of Ra, which weepeth for its

companion Eye (the Moon); at this time Thoth cleanseth the Right Eye of Ra. "I behold Ra who was born

yesterday from the thighs of the goddess Mehurt; his strength is my strength, and my strength is his strength."

Who is this?

"Mehurt is the great Celestial Water, but others say that Mehurt is the image of the Eye of Ra at dawn at his birth

daily. "[Others, however, say that] Mehurt is the utchat of Ra. "Now Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth, is

a very great one among the gods who are in the following of Horus; they say that he

is the prince who loveth his lord."

Who are the gods who are in the train of Horus?

"[They are] Kesta, Hapi, Taumutef, and Qebhsenuf. "Homage to you, O ye lords of right and truth, ye sovereign

princes (Tchatcha) who [stand] round about Osiris, who do away utterly sins and offences, and who are in the

following of the goddess Hetepsekhus, grant ye that I may come unto you. Destroy ye all the

faults which are within me, even as ye did for the Seven Spirits who are among the followers of their lord Sepa.

Anpu (Anubis) appointed to them their places on the day [when he said unto them], "Come ye

hither."

Who are the "lords of right and truth"?

"The lords of right and truth are Thoth and Astes, the Lord of Amentet.

"The Tchatcha round about Osiris are Kesta, Hapi, Tuamutef, and Qebhsenuf, and they are also round about the

Constellation of the Thigh (the Great Bear), in the northern sky. "Those who do away utterly sins and offences,

and who are in the

following of the goddess Hetepsekhus, are the god Sebek and his associates who dwell in the water.

"The goddess Hetepsekhus is the Eye of Ra. "Others, however, say that it is the flame which accompanieth Osiris

to burn up the souls of his enemies. "As concerning all the faults which are in Osiris, the registrar

of the offerings which are made unto all the gods, Ani, whose word is truth, [these are all the offences which he

hath committed against the Lords of Eternity] since he came forth from his mother's womb.

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240BCTHEPAPYRUSOFANI(THEEGYPTIANBOOKOFTHEDEAD)TranslatedbyE.A.WallisBudgeHYMNTOOSIRIS"Homagetothee,Osiris,Lordofeternity,KingoftheGods,whosenamesaremanifold,whoseformsareholy,thoubeingofhiddenforminthetemples,whoseKaisholy.ThouartthegovernorofTattu(Busiris),andalsothemightyoneinSekhem(Letopolis).Tho...

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