1.大学英语四级考试写作题型

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第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型

根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求，大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种：

首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。

第一节首尾句作文

首尾句作文是根据段首（尾）句续写短文。段首句作文也称主题句作文，因为作文题中所

给的段首句往往是段落主题句。其特点是以题目为中心，一般情况下将文章分为三个段落

每段首句即为该段的主题句（topic sentences）。考生要按主题句的要求组织材料，提出

论据，用一些辅助句（supporting sentences）来支持或说明主题句，写英文段首句作文

要注意：所写的内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应围绕段首句续写。保证段内每个句子的内容与

段首句紧密展开各个段落，如：例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。要注意句与句之间，

特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。另外，所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子，有

时不是一个完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，这就要求考生一定要审好题。找出其中表示

中心思想的关键词，围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。

［例 1 ］ Directions :For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given

the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in

completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100

words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.

［范文］

Women in the Modern World

Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women

who are government officials,writers, scientists,doctors and teachers can be

found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can

be done well by women.

With the changes in their social role,women s position in the family has been

improved as well.The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family

and the wife no longer lives on others.They share comforts and hardships with

each other.

In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely

realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional

roles and limited economic strength.Women still have a long way to go in their

struggle for complete equality with men.

第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用，因而续写的内容紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用，比如，

妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等；第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的

地位也提高了，续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共；第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任

重而道远，续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题，整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。

［例２］Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were

No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the

first sentence of each paragraph:

1 Ever since early this century,electricity has become an essential part of

our modern life.

2 If there were no electric power,...

3 Therefore,...

［范文］

What Would Happen If There Were No Power

Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our

modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody

admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.

If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For

instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would

cease working. And all the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in

a great mass without electricity.

Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we

should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy

resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric

resources to meet the requirements of human beings.

第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下来的续写部分

应强调它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设，下面列出没有电将会出现的

麻烦。最后一段指出我们应该节约用电，开拓更多的电力资源。

第二节提纲作文

提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲（一般为中文提纲）进行写作。中文提

纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。写提纲作文，首先要做的就是审题，并要仔细分析题

目中所列举的提纲。审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句，再在这些主题句的基

础上扩展成文。在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚，开门见山。

［例 1 ］ Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

composition on the topic Good Health according the following outline. Your

composition is less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline

should all be included in your composition.

Outline:

1健康的重要性

2保持健康的方法

3我的做法

［范文］

Good Health

Good health is very important to everyone. With it, we can study hard, we can

serve our country, we can do everything as we like. Without good health,

everybody knows that we will fail to do things. We can’t work efficiently, we

may stay in hospital, we ll become a burden of our family.

In my opinion, there are two ways for us to keep fit. First, we must eat a

balanced diet. That is to say, we must eat not only eggs, fish and meat, but

also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating properly, drinking

clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the soft

drink.Second, exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some

running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.

As a university student, I pay much attention to physical exercises. I do some

swimming in summer and some skating in winter. I often play badminton and

tennis. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very

hard if you just take it seriously.

文章开门见山就点出了主题：Good health is very important to everyone。然后作者很

巧妙地用了 with 和without 这两个介词从正反两个方面举出了具体的事例来支持自己的

观点。另外，with 和without 这两个词常用于议论文中，用“正证法”和“反证法”来对

各论点或观点进行论述。第二段的开头句紧扣提纲，概括地提出保持健康有两种方法，并

且通过 first, second 这样的指示词,使所列举的事实条理化。最后一段告诉读者自己的做

法，也紧扣了提纲。

［例 2 ］ Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

composition on the topic Competition. Your composition should be less than 120

words. Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your

composition.

Outline:

1 The importance of competition

2 The function of competition

3 My own practices

［范文］

Competition

Competition makes people active and creative. It is very necessary to compete

if human society wants to advance. Without it, we would become lazy and nobody

would take any responsibility.“Three monks,there will be no drinking

water.”This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China s productivity was

so low before Mr. Deng came into power. At that time, we had the so called

planned economy. There was no competition at all. So farmers didn t work

hard. Workers didn t work hard. China was on the edge of collapse.

Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do things. For example,

in 100 meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win

the champion, the same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a

company wants to surpass, it must compete with them. It must raise its

efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole

society and the whole human beings.Being a student, I must compete with other

students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a

useful man when I enter the society after graduation.

文章一开头就提出了竞争的重要性。接下来，作者用了两个事例更进一步说明了主题。最后

谈到了自己的做法。

［例 3］

Directions:For this Part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on

the topic Losing and Gaining weight according to the following.Your composition

should be less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should

all be included in your composition.

Outline:

The comparison of one’s body to a car: the similarities and differences of

one’s body and one’s car.

1 The ways for gaining weight and losing weight.

2 My own practices. 

［范文］

Losing and Gaining weight

The process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your car.

First, your car can’t run if there is no petrol or diesel oil. Because it

needs energy. The same thing happens to your body. Your body also needs energy,

the food you eat can be converted into energy,with which you can run, you can

talk, you can do everything. Second, if you eat too much you will gain weight.

We know a car with too heavy load can t run quickly and safely. Maybe it will

break down. For the same reason, if you are too fat, it is also very

inconvenient and dangerous. You might get heart disease,diabetes, and

hypertension and so on. If such things happen, doctor would ask you to lose

weight.

You eat too much and you don t take exercise, you ll gain weight. So if you 

want to lose weight you have to do the opposite. You will be on a diet. You

will go out and do some exercises, such as, running, swimming, and playing

football,etc. Soon, you ll be back in good condition and good shape again. 

As far as I am concerned, I get up and go to bed early, do plenty of exercises

everyday, and pay special attention to the food I eat as well. I don t eat

too much meat. Instead, my diet consists of vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and

beans. By doing this I can keep fit.

作者在这篇文章中先用比较对比法比较了人与车之间的相似之处：车需要汽油，人需要食

物；车载的重物过多跑不快，人长得太胖既行动不便也存有隐患，因而过于肥胖的人就需

要减肥。第一段的最后一句话起了承上启下的作用。接下来作者谈了如何减肥，最后很自然

地过渡到作者自己的做法。

第三节关键词作文

关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。关键词的数目由几个到十几个不

等。写这种题型的作文，要特别注意关键词的作用。关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”，在

作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。因此，写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都

用上，可以一句中用上几个词，也可以几句中用上一个词，只要能做到恰到好处即可。而

且，要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。如果所给的关键词可以分为三组，那么，短文

就可以写成三段。如果给出的关键词是两组，短文就可以写为两段。再者，要把给出的关键

词用在刀刃上，即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应该有关键词。

［例 1 ］ Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

passage on “The Advantages of Travel” based on the words and phrases given:

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摘要：

第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求，大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种：首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。第一节首尾句作文首尾句作文是根据段首（尾）句续写短文。段首句作文也称主题句作文，因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。其特点是以题目为中心，一般情况下将文章分为三个段落每段首句即为该段的主题句（topicsentences）。考生要按主题句的要求组织材料，提出论据，用一些辅助句（supportingsentences）来支持或说明主题句，写英文段首句作文要注意：所写的内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应围绕段首句续写。保证段内每个句子的内容...

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