Chomsky, Noam - Powers and Prospects

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NNOOAAMM CCHHOOMMSSKKYY

POWERS AND

PROSPECTS

Reflections on Human

Nature and the

Social Order

Limited printing and text selection allowed for individual use only. All other reproduction, whether by printing

or electronically or by any other means, is expressly forbidden without the prior permission of the publishers.

This file may only be used as part of the CD on which it was first issued.

ESSENTIAL CLASSICS IN POLITICS: NOAM CHOMSKY

EB 0007 ISBN 0 7453 1345 0

London 1999

TThhee EElleeccttrriicc BBooookk CCoommppaannyy LLttdd

20 Cambridge Drive

London SE12 8AJ, UK

www.elecbook.com

PPlluuttoo PPrreessss LLttdd

345 Archway Rd

London N6 5AA, UK

www.plutobooks.com

Powers and

Prospects

Reflections on Human Nature

and the Social Order

NOAM CHOMSKY

Pluto Press

London

Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects Noam Chomsky

First published in the United Kingdom 1996 by Pluto Press

345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA

The right of Aviva Chomsky and Eric F. Menoyo, as trustees of the Diane

Chomsky Trust, to be identified as the owners of this work has been

asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,

Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from

the British Library

ISBN 0 7453 1107 5 hbk

Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects Noam Chomsky

Foreword

by Agio Pereira

rofessor Noam Chomsky is not a single issue activist. His range of

influence transcends the boundaries of campaigns for social

justice and self-determination, the field in which the East

Timorese have been forced by war to learn and to become specialists.

It was with great honour that a small team embraced the gigantic role

of coordinating the visit of Professor Chomsky to Australia in January

1995. Gigantic, not only because it was the first visit to Australia from a

man with the stature of Professor Chomsky, but also because of the

timing of the visit itself—it took place in the usual period of ‘summer

holidays’ of the mainstream Australian media. It also coincided with the

visits of Pope John Paul II and the visit of the Microsoft tycoon, Bill

Gates—you could say Chomsky completed the trinity

The consolation for us was that, at an early stage, it was clear that

the focus of Professor Chomsky’s visit to Australia was to be the issue of

East Timor. It was therefore a litmus test for the support the Australian

people have been lending to the 20-year-old struggle of the Timorese

people to conquer their piece of freedom.

Having a controversial person like Noam Chomsky in Australia

associated with yet another controversial issue such as East Timor, no

one could foresee exactly how everything was going to play out. There

were many people speculating about possible outcomes, but a clear

picture was far off from even the most experienced organisers of public

Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects Noam Chomsky

events. However, no one could have predicted the enormous response to

his visit.

Being Timorese, as a matter of tradition, we pay tribute to those who

support and respect us, by making sure that our role as hosts becomes

as effective as possible to the point where when a guest departs, the

feeling of returning is stronger than that carried in their arrival.

The first I heard of Professor Chomsky was in the late 1970s when

I’d heard he paid from his own pocket for some Timorese refugees to fly

to the USA to speak out about the tragedy of the people of East Timor.

I was later very delighted when I learnt that he presented a paper in

the first session of the ‘People’s Tribunal’ for East Timor, held in Lisbon

in 1981. That was the time when the Resistance of East Timor was

going through extremely difficult times. The deaths of charismatic

leaders such as President Nicolau Lobato, Vicente Sahe and many

others, brought the morale of the Maubere Resistance to a very low

point. This was at the time when Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao was

reorganising the struggle. At that time of ‘soul searching’ Professor

Chomsky lent his undeniable support for the people of East Timor.

On meeting Professor Chomsky for the first time at the Sydney

International Airport, his humbleness was so familiar to me that I felt we

had known each other for many years. His approach to human

interaction was as Maubere as one can reach, and this made our task

much easier.

As the program of public addresses and media work was

implemented, we learnt that the Chomsky factor and East Timor were a

deadly combination. The Chomsky factor was critical in the sixties and

still is critical today for those who search for basic explanations of the

increasingly sophisticated machine of manipulation of public opinion.

East Timor after 20 years has become a thorn in the conscience of those

Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects Noam Chomsky

in the world who struggle for fundamental justice and values of human

beings.

In this struggle, both Professor Chomsky and East Timor are Davids

against Goliath. The combination of the conscience of the people of East

Timor and Professor Chomsky has proved to be too powerful for those

who tried to defeat us.

Perhaps it was this sense of being in the same trench and defending

fundamental justice that made us feel that Professor Chomsky is part of

us; and that was a turning point in the way we perceive Chomsky.

Because, in the end, our sense of being hosts of a special guest was

replaced with a much bigger one: that our home was richer with the

sense of freedom Chomsky’s visit helped us reach.

Even though Noam Chomsky is no longer in Australia fighting for the

people of East Timor, we do rely on his support. We know that wherever

he is, he will fight for the freedom for our people. That was the

impression he left not only with the 16 000 or more people he spoke

directly to during his visit, but also with those he reached through the

media, and I hope now through this book.

This book testifies to how dedicated Professor Chomsky is to the

issues he embraces in his active pursuit of freedom and fundamental

justice.

From linguistics to the Middle East, from foreign affairs to the role of

the media, from intellectual responsibility to East Timor, Noam—as he

asked us to call him—refuses to accept complexity and imperfection as

an excuse to violate fundamental principles of human beings.

Agio Pereira is the executive director of the East Timor Relief

Association, and an adviser to the National Council for Maubere

Resistance (CNRM).

 
Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects                                                           Noam Chomsky 
8 
Contents 
Click on contents to go to page 
Foreword..................................................................................... 5 
Preface..................................................................................... 11 
1 Language and Thought: Some Reflections on 
Venerable Themes...................................................................... 14 
The First Cognitive Revolution................................................... 15 
The Second Cognitive Revolution............................................... 28 
The Language Faculty.............................................................. 30 
Unification Problems................................................................ 36 
Knowledge of Language............................................................ 41 
2 Language and Nature .............................................................. 55 
Naturalism and Language–World Relations: Weak 
and Strong Theses................................................................... 55 
The Materialist Orthodoxy......................................................... 65 
The Externalist Orthodoxy......................................................... 75 
Language as a Natural Object ................................................... 85 
3 Writers and Intellectual Responsibility....................................... 87 
4 Goals and Visions.................................................................. 107 
Goals versus Visions ...............................................................108 
The ‘Humanistic Conception’....................................................114 
‘The New Spirit of the Age’ ......................................................117 
Voices of Resistance ...............................................................127 
‘Tough Love’..........................................................................133 

 
Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects                                                           Noam Chomsky 
9 
5 Democracy and Markets in the New World Order...................... 139 
‘Enduring Truths’....................................................................139 
Markets in the Real World.......................................................148 
Democracy: ‘Containing the People’..........................................158 
‘Free Market Conservatism’......................................................174 
Towards the End of History: the Utopia of the 
Masters.................................................................................185 
6 The Middle East Settlement: Its Sources and 
Contours ................................................................................. 191 
‘What We Say Goes’ ...............................................................191 
The Strategic Conception.........................................................197 
‘Stalemate’ ............................................................................207 
‘Victor’s Peace’: the Oslo Agreements........................................212 
Terror and Punishment............................................................222 
Development Programs and Plans.............................................227 
‘Human Dust and the Waste of Society’.....................................231 
7 The Great Powers and Human Rights: the Case of 
East Timor............................................................................... 241 
Forbidden Territory.................................................................241 
Asian Values..........................................................................246 
Western Values......................................................................248 
‘The Welfare of the World Capitalist System’ and  
‘The Problem of Indonesia’.......................................................265 
The Problem Solved................................................................275 
The Problem of East Timor ......................................................281 
8 East Timor and World Order................................................... 289 
The Rule of Law.....................................................................290 
International Responsibilities....................................................297 

 
Classics in Politics: Powers and Prospects                                                           Noam Chomsky 
10 
Pragmatism and National Interest.............................................307 
Endnotes................................................................................. 313 
Chapter 4..............................................................................313 
Chapter 5..............................................................................315 
Chapter 6..............................................................................318 
Chapter 7..............................................................................323 
Chapter 8..............................................................................329 
 

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NNOOAAMMCCHHOOMMSSKKYYPOWERSANDPROSPECTSReflectionsonHumanNatureandtheSocialOrder©NoamChomsky1999Limitedprintingandtextselectionallowedforindividualuseonly.Allotherreproduction,whetherbyprintingorelectronicallyorbyanyothermeans,isexpresslyforbiddenwithoutthepriorpermissionofthepublishers.Thisfilemay...

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