
protect any personnel in hazardous locations. He felt safe.
Relatively safe.
Unlike back in the Ukraine, he did not waste time with paranoia. Not any more. Now, six years after
the nail-biting time of his defection, and his dire worries about the safety of his family members, Dumenco
knew he had made the right choice to flee, despite all the heart-ache.
At Fermilab he didn't have to inflate his results, cope with incompetent technicians or shoddy
apparatus, watch the administrators for bureaucratic bumbling, or protect himself from the suspicious
eyes and narrow minds of the political police.
One of his coworkers had called Fermilab a "Willie Wonka's Chocolate Factory for high-energy
physicists," referring to a children's film Dumenco had never seen. But he understood the reference—the
Tevatron and the high-energy experiments provided a virtual playground for physicists like himself.
Dumenco walked down the low tunnel. Inside protec-tive cages, the bright lights flickered with a
barely per-ceptible rhythm, the pulse of the accelerator. Overhead, a heavy dirt berm shielded the beam
tube itself, while a thick concrete housing surrounded the test area like a munitions bunker.
Munitions, weapons, high-energy power sources. It felt so rewarding to be working on pure
science instead, fundamental studies, the creation of antimatter particles, increased production of
antiprotons from the existing beam and collisions with targets in experimental cham-bers…
In the six years since he had left the Ukraine—after Chernobyl, after the fall of the Soviet
Union—Dumenco had re-created his life's work from scratch. He pushed to reconfirm his
ground-breaking theories, his fantastic results about the nature of antimatter. He had sworn to keep that
old research secret—to protect his family, if not himself—but he had already re-created the ground-work
from first principles. The march of science swept on like a swollen river out of control.
Surrounded by motivated graduate students—some more motivated than others—Fermilab's support
staff, and a generous grant from the National Science Foun-dation, Dumenco had accomplished so much
so quickly, in part because he had already made the time-consuming initial mistakes where no one in the
West could see them. This year he was already under serious consider-ation for the Nobel Prize in
Physics. And winning the Nobel would justify all that "other work."
But right now, nothing seemed to be going right.
Growling, he took his tools and his diagram to inspect the antimatter flow, the diagnostics, the p-bar
traps. If he hadn't already secretly known the results to expect from his classified work years ago, he
would never have suspected anything was wrong.
But his experimental runs weren't producing nearly the amount of antimatter particles he expected.
Breathing heavily, tasting the sour leftovers of coffee in his mouth, Dumenco crawled into the
beam-tube al-cove. For the fifth time in an hour, he traced a compli-cated logic-flow diagram with a thin
finger. The diagram outlined the complex interconnections, the feedback mechanisms, and the fault-tree
circuitry of his experi-ment.
And he couldn't find what was wrong.
Nicholas Bretti, his graduate student assistant, always grumbled that Dumenco did too much of the
"grunt work" himself, but the truth was Dumenco didn't have a terribly high opinion of Bretti's
competence, or his scientific intuition, or his imagination for solving unex-pected problems.
Fermilab had few holdout scientists who tried to do everything by themselves. In the era of Big
Science, breakthrough technical papers were more likely to carry dozens and dozens of coauthors. In
March 1995, when international teams of experimenters at Fermilab had an-nounced the long-awaited
discovery of the top quark, each technical paper cited 450 names! Probably every-one down to the