
legs of this one seemed to be covered with a stout sheath; they were round, almost chubby, and
cream-colored. Of course, they may have been smeared with pollen. One might even assume some sort
of condition—the presence of hair, for example—which would cause the pollen to adhere to the legs. If
his observations were correct he had certainly made a most important discovery.
But unfortunately he had let it escape. He had been too excited, and besides the beetle's pattern of flight
was confusing. It flew away, and then as if to say "Catch me!" it turned and waited. When he approached
it cautiously it flew away again, turned around, and waited. Mercilessly tantalizing, its course had at last
led it to a clump of grass into which it disappeared.
The man was completely captivated by the beetle with the yellowish front legs.
When he had observed the sandy soil, it seemed to him that his guess was correct. Actually, the beetle
family is representative of desert insects. According to one theory, their strange pattern of flight is a snare
for the purpose of enticing small animals away from their nests. Prey such as mice and lizards are lured
out in spite of themselves, wander into the desert, and collapse from hunger and fatigue. Their bodies
then become the beetles' food. These beetles have the elegant Japanese name of "letter-bearer" and
present graceful features, but actually they have sharp jaws and are ferocious and cannibalistic by nature.
But whether or not his theory was correct, the man was unquestionably beguiled by the mysterious
pattern of the beetle's flight.
And his interest in sand, which was the condition for the beetle's existence, could not help but grow. He
began to read everything he could about it. And as his research progressed he realized that sand was a
very interesting substance. For example, opening to the article on sand in the encyclopedia, he found the
following:
SAND: an aggregate of rock fragments. Sometimes including loadstone, tinstone, and more rarely gold
dust. Diameter: 2 to 1/16 mm.
A very clear definition indeed. In short, then, sand came from fragmented rock and was intermediate
between clay and pebbles. But simply calling it an intermediate substance did not provide a really
satisfactory explanation. Why was it that isolated deserts and sandy terrain came into existence through
the sifting out of only the sand from soil in which clay, sand, and stones were thoroughly mixed together?
If a true intermediate substance were involved, the erosive action of wind and water would necessarily
produce any number of intermingling intermediate forms in the range between rock and clay. However,
there are in fact only three forms that can be clearly distinguished from one another: stones, sand, and
clay. Furthermore, sand is sand wherever it is; strangely enough, there is almost no difference in the size
of the grains whether they come from the Gobi Desert or from the beach at Eno-shima. The size of the
grains shows very little variation and follows a Gaussian distribution curve with a true mean of 1/8 mm.
One commentary gave a very simple explanation of the decomposition of land through the erosive action
of wind and water: the lighter particles were progressively blown away over great distances. But the
particular significance of the 1/8-mm. diameter of the grains was left unexplained. In opposition to this,
another book on geology added an explanation along these lines:
Air or water currents set up a turbulence. The smallest wavelength of this turbulent flow is about equal to
the diameter of the desert sand. Owing to this peculiarity, only the sand is extracted from the soil, being
drawn out at right angles to the flow. If the cohesion of the soil is weak, the sand is sucked up into the air
by light winds—which, of course, do not disturb stones or clay—and falls to the ground again, being
deposited to the leeward. The peculiarities of sand would seem to be a matter of aerodynamics.
Hence, we can add this to the first definition as "b": a particle of crushed rock of such dimension as to be