Swift, Johnathan - Journal to Stella, The

VIP免费

2024-12-04 0 0 869.13KB 321 页 5.9玖币

The Journal to Stella

Jonathan Swift

Table of Contents

The Journal to Stella...........................................................................................................................................1

Jonathan Swift..........................................................................................................................................1

PREFACE................................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................3

LETTER 1.[1]........................................................................................................................................14

LETTER 2..............................................................................................................................................14

LETTER 3..............................................................................................................................................15

LETTER 4..............................................................................................................................................18

LETTER 5..............................................................................................................................................20

LETTER 6..............................................................................................................................................24

LETTER 7..............................................................................................................................................27

LETTER 8..............................................................................................................................................31

LETTER 9..............................................................................................................................................35

LETTER 10............................................................................................................................................39

LETTER 11............................................................................................................................................43

LETTER 12............................................................................................................................................48

LETTER 13............................................................................................................................................54

LETTER 14............................................................................................................................................58

LETTER 15............................................................................................................................................62

LETTER 16............................................................................................................................................66

LETTER 17............................................................................................................................................70

LETTER 18............................................................................................................................................74

LETTER 19............................................................................................................................................77

LETTER 20............................................................................................................................................81

LETTER 21............................................................................................................................................84

LETTER 22............................................................................................................................................89

LETTER 23............................................................................................................................................92

LETTER 24............................................................................................................................................96

LETTER 25..........................................................................................................................................101

LETTER 26..........................................................................................................................................104

LETTER 27..........................................................................................................................................109

LETTER 28..........................................................................................................................................114

LETTER 29..........................................................................................................................................118

LETTER 30..........................................................................................................................................122

LETTER 31..........................................................................................................................................127

LETTER 32..........................................................................................................................................131

LETTER 33..........................................................................................................................................135

LETTER 34..........................................................................................................................................138

LETTER 35..........................................................................................................................................142

LETTER 36..........................................................................................................................................147

LETTER 37..........................................................................................................................................151

LETTER 38..........................................................................................................................................155

LETTER 39..........................................................................................................................................159

LETTER 40..........................................................................................................................................163

LETTER 41.[1]....................................................................................................................................166

LETTER 42.[1]....................................................................................................................................170

LETTER 43.[1]....................................................................................................................................174

LETTER 44.[1]....................................................................................................................................178

The Journal to Stella

Table of Contents

LETTER 45.[1]....................................................................................................................................180

LETTER 46.[1]....................................................................................................................................181

LETTER 47.[1]....................................................................................................................................182

LETTER 48.[1]....................................................................................................................................183

LETTER 49.[1]....................................................................................................................................184

LETTER 50.[1]....................................................................................................................................185

LETTER 51.[1]....................................................................................................................................186

LETTER 52.[1]....................................................................................................................................187

LETTER 53.[1]....................................................................................................................................189

LETTER 54.[1]....................................................................................................................................190

LETTER 55.[1]....................................................................................................................................192

LETTER 56.[1]....................................................................................................................................193

LETTER 57.[1]....................................................................................................................................195

LETTER 58.[1]....................................................................................................................................199

LETTER 59.[1]....................................................................................................................................204

LETTER 60.[1]....................................................................................................................................208

LETTER 61.[1]....................................................................................................................................211

LETTER 62.[1]....................................................................................................................................215

LETTER 63.[1]....................................................................................................................................219

LETTER 64.[1]....................................................................................................................................223

LETTER 65.[1]....................................................................................................................................224

NOTES.................................................................................................................................................225

The Journal to Stella

The Journal to Stella
Jonathan Swift
This page copyright © 2001 Blackmask Online.
http://www.blackmask.com
PREFACE• INTRODUCTION.• LETTER 1.[1]• LETTER 2.• LETTER 3.• LETTER 4.• LETTER 5.• LETTER 6.• LETTER 7.• LETTER 8.• LETTER 9.• LETTER 10.• LETTER 11.• LETTER 12.• LETTER 13.• LETTER 14.• LETTER 15.• LETTER 16.• LETTER 17.• LETTER 18.• LETTER 19.• LETTER 20.• LETTER 21.• LETTER 22.• LETTER 23.• LETTER 24.• LETTER 25.• LETTER 26.• LETTER 27.• LETTER 28.• LETTER 29.• LETTER 30.• LETTER 31.• LETTER 32.• LETTER 33.• LETTER 34.• LETTER 35.• LETTER 36.• LETTER 37.• LETTER 38.• LETTER 39.• LETTER 40.• 
The Journal to Stella 1

LETTER 41.[1]• LETTER 42.[1]• LETTER 43.[1]• LETTER 44.[1]• LETTER 45.[1]• LETTER 46.[1]• LETTER 47.[1]• LETTER 48.[1]• LETTER 49.[1]• LETTER 50.[1]• LETTER 51.[1]• LETTER 52.[1]• LETTER 53.[1]• LETTER 54.[1]• LETTER 55.[1]• LETTER 56.[1]• LETTER 57.[1]• LETTER 58.[1]• LETTER 59.[1]• LETTER 60.[1]• LETTER 61.[1]• LETTER 62.[1]• LETTER 63.[1]• LETTER 64.[1]• LETTER 65.[1]• NOTES.•

This etext was produced by Les Bowler, St. Ives, Dorset.

PREFACE

The history of the publication of the Journal to Stella is somewhat curious. On Swift's death twenty−five of

the letters, forming the closing portion of the series, fell into the hands of Dr. Lyon, a clergyman who had

been in charge of Swift for some years. The letters passed to a man named Wilkes, who sold them for

publication. They accordingly appeared in 1766 in the tenth volume of Dr. Hawkesworth's quarto edition of

Swift's works; but the editor made many changes in the text, including a suppression of most of the "little

language." The publishers, however, fortunately for us, were public−spirited enough to give the manuscripts

(with one exception) to the British Museum, where, after many years, they were examined by John Forster,

who printed in his unfinished "Life of Swift" numerous passages from the originals, showing the manner in

which the text had been tampered with by Hawkesworth. Swift himself, too, in his later years, obliterated

many words and sentences in the letters, and Forster was able to restore not a few of these omissions. His

zeal, however, sometimes led him to make guesses at words which are quite undecipherable. Besides

Forster's work, I have had the benefit of the careful collation made by Mr. Ryland for his edition of 1897.

Where these authorities differ I have usually found myself in agreement with Mr. Ryland, but I have felt

justified in accepting some of Forster's readings which were rejected by him as uncertain; and the

examination of the manuscripts has enabled me to make some additions and corrections of my own. Swift's

writing is extremely small, and abounds in abbreviations. The difficulty of arriving at the true reading is

therefore considerable, apart from the erasures.

The Journal to Stella

PREFACE 2

The remainder of the Journal, consisting of the first forty letters, was published in 1768 by Deane Swift, Dr.

Swift's second cousin. These letters had been given to Mrs. Whiteway in 1788, and by her to her son−in−law,

Deane Swift. The originals have been lost, with the exception of the first, which, by some accident, is in the

British Museum; but it is evident that Deane Swift took even greater liberties with the text than

Hawkesworth. He substituted for "Ppt" the word "Stella," a name which Swift seems not to have used until

some years later; he adopted the name "Presto" for Swift, and in other ways tried to give a greater literary

finish to the letters. The whole of the correspondence was first brought together, under the title of the

"Journal to Stella", in Sheridan's edition of 1784.

Previous editions of the Journal have been but slightly annotated. Swift's letters abound with allusions to

people of all classes with whom he came in contact in London, and to others known to Esther Johnson in

Ireland; and a large proportion of these persons have been passed over in discreet silence by Sir Walter Scott

and others. The task of the annotator has, of course, been made easier of late years by the publication of

contemporary journals and letters, and of useful works of reference dealing with Parliament, the Army, the

Church, the Civil Service, and the like, besides the invaluable Dictionary of National Biography. I have also

been assisted by a collection of MS. notes kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Thomas Seccombe. I have

aimed at brevity and relevance, but it is hoped that the reader will find all the information that is necessary.

Here and there a name has baffled research, but I have been able to give definite particulars of a very large

number of people noblemen and ladies in society in London or Dublin, Members of Parliament, doctors,

clergymen, Government officials, and others who have hitherto been but names to the reader of the Journal. I

have corrected a good many errors in the older notes, but in dealing with so large a number of persons, some

of whom it is difficult to identify, I cannot hope that I myself have escaped pitfalls.

G. A. A.

INTRODUCTION.

When Swift began to write the letters known as the Journal to Stella, he was forty−two years of age, and

Esther Johnson twenty−nine. Perhaps the most useful introduction to the correspondence will be a brief

setting forth of what is known of their friendship from Stella's childhood, the more specially as the question

has been obscured by many assertions and theories resting on a very slender basis of fact.

Jonathan Swift, born in 1667 after his father's death, was educated by his uncle Godwin, and after a not very

successful career at Trinity College, Dublin, went to stay with his mother, Abigail Erick, at Leicester. Mrs.

Swift feared that her son would fall in love with a girl named Betty Jones, but, as Swift told a friend, he had

had experience enough "not to think of marriage till I settle my fortune in the world, which I am sure will not

be in some years; and even then, I am so hard to please that I suppose I shall put it off to the other world."

Soon afterwards an opening for Swift presented itself. Sir William Temple, now living in retirement at Moor

Park, near Farnham, had been, like his father, Master of the Irish Rolls, and had thus become acquainted with

Swift's uncle Godwin. Moreover, Lady Temple was related to Mrs. Swift, as Lord Orrery tells us. Thanks to

these facts, the application to Sir William Temple was successful, and Swift went to live at Moor Park before

the end of 1689. There he read to Temple, wrote for him, and kept his accounts, and growing into confidence

with his employer, "was often trusted with matters of great importance." The storyafterwards improved

upon by Lord Macaulaythat Swift received only 20 pounds and his board, and was not allowed to sit at table

with his master, is wholly untrustworthy. Within three years of their first intercourse, Temple had introduced

his secretary to William the Third, and sent him to London to urge the King to consent to a bill for triennial

Parliaments.

When Swift took up his residence at Moor Park he found there a little girl of eight, daughter of a merchant

named Edward Johnson, who had died young. Swift says that Esther Johnson was born on March 18, 1681; in

The Journal to Stella

INTRODUCTION. 3

the parish register of Richmond,[1] which shows that she was baptized on March 20, 1680−81, her name is

given as Hester; but she signed her will "Esther," the name by which she was always known. Swift says, "Her

father was a younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire, her mother of a lower degree; and indeed

she had little to boast in her birth." Mrs. Johnson had two children, Esther and Ann, and lived at Moor Park as

companion to Lady Giffard, Temple's widowed sister. Another member of the household, afterwards to be

Esther's constant companion, was Rebecca Dingley, a relative of the Temple family.[2] She was a year or two

older than Swift.

The lonely young man of twenty−two was both playfellow and teacher of the delicate child of eight. How he

taught her to write has been charmingly brought before us in the painting exhibited by Miss Dicksee at the

Royal Academy a few years ago; he advised her what books to read, and instructed her, as he says, "in the

principles of honour and virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment of her life."

By 1694 Swift had grown tired of his position, and finding that Temple, who valued his services, was slow in

finding him preferment, he left Moor Park in order to carry out his resolve to go into the Church. He was

ordained, and obtained the prebend of Kilroot, near Belfast, where he carried on a flirtation with a Miss

Waring, whom he called Varina. But in May 1696 Temple made proposals which induced Swift to return to

Moor Park, where he was employed in preparing Temple's memoirs and correspondence for publication, and

in supporting the side taken by Temple in the Letters of Phalaris controversy by writing The Battle of the

Books, which was, however, not published until 1704. On his return to Temple's house, Swift found his old

playmate grown from a sickly child into a girl of fifteen, in perfect health. She came, he says, to be "looked

upon as one of the most beautiful, graceful, and agreeable young women in London, only a little too fat. Her

hair was blacker than a raven, and every feature of her face in perfection."

On his death in January 1699, Temple left a will,[3] dated 1694, directing the payment of 20 pounds each,

with half a year's wages, to Bridget Johnson "and all my other servants"; and leaving a lease of some land in

Monistown, County Wicklow, to Esther Johnson, "servant to my sister Giffard." By a codicil of February

1698, Temple left 100 pounds to "Mr. Jonathan Swift, now living with me." It may be added that by her will

of 1722, proved in the following year, Lady Giffard gave 20 pounds to Mrs. MossMrs. Bridget Johnson,

who had married Richard Mose or Moss, Lady Giffard's steward. The will proceeds: "To Mrs. Hester (sic)

Johnson I give 10 pounds, with the 100 pounds I put into the Exchequer for her life and my own, and declare

the 100 pounds to be hers which I am told is there in my name upon the survivorship, and for which she has

constantly sent over her certificate and received the interest. I give her besides my two little silver

candlesticks."

Temple left in Swift's hands the task of publishing his posthumous works, a duty which afterwards led to a

quarrel with Lady Giffard and other members of the family. Many years later Swift told Lord Palmerston that

he stopped at Moor Park solely for the benefit of Temple's conversation and advice, and the opportunity of

pursuing his studies. At Temple's death he was "as far to seek as ever." In the summer of 1699, however, he

was offered and accepted the post of secretary and chaplain to the Earl of Berkeley, one of the Lords Justices,

but when he reached Ireland he found that the secretaryship had been given to another. He soon, however,

obtained the living of Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan, and the prebend of Dunlavin in St. Patrick's

Cathedral, Dublin. The total value of these preferments was about 230 pounds a year, an income which Miss

Waring seems to have thought enough to justify him in marrying. Swift's reply to the lady whom he had

"singled out at first from the rest of women" could only have been written with the intention of breaking off

the connection, and accordingly we hear no more of poor Varina.

At Laracor, a mile or two from Trim, and twenty miles from Dublin, Swift ministered to a congregation of

about fifteen persons, and had abundant leisure for cultivating his garden, making a canal (after the Dutch

fashion of Moor Park), planting willows, and rebuilding the vicarage. As chaplain to Lord Berkeley, he spent

much of his time in Dublin. He was on intimate terms with Lady Berkeley and her daughters, one of whom is

The Journal to Stella

INTRODUCTION. 4

best known by her married name of Lady Betty Germaine; and through them he had access to the fashionable

society of Dublin. When Lord Berkeley returned to England in April 1701, Swift, after taking his Doctor's

degree at Dublin, went with him, and soon afterwards published, anonymously, a political pamphlet, A

Discourse on the Contests and Dissentions in Athens and Rome. When he returned to Ireland in September he

was accompanied by Stellato give Esther Johnson the name by which she is best knownand her friend

Mrs. Dingley. Stella's fortune was about 1500 pounds, and the property Temple had left her was in County

Wicklow. Swift, very much for his "own satisfaction, who had few friends or acquaintance in Ireland,"

persuaded Stellanow twenty years oldthat living was cheaper there than in England, and that a better return

was obtainable on money. The ladies took his advice, and made Ireland their home. At first they felt

themselves strangers in Dublin; "the adventure looked so like a frolic," Swift says, "the censure held for some

time as if there were a secret history in such a removal: which however soon blew off by her excellent

conduct." Swift took every step that was possible to avoid scandal. When he was away, the ladies occupied

his rooms; when he returned, they went into their own lodgings. When he was absent, they often stopped at

the vicarage at Laracor, but if he were there, they moved to Trim, where they visited the vicar, Dr. Raymond,

or lived in lodgings in the town or neighbourhood. Swift was never with Stella except in the presence of a

third person, and in 1726 he said that he had not seen her in a morning "these dozen years, except once or

twice in a journey."

During a visit to England in the winter of 1703−4 we find Swift in correspondence with the Rev. William

Tisdall, a Dublin incumbent whom he had formerly known at Belfast. Tisdall was on friendly terms with

Stella and Mrs. Dingley, and Swift sent messages to them through him. "Pray put them upon reading," he

wrote, "and be always teaching something to Mrs. Johnson, because she is good at comprehending,

remembering and retaining." But the correspondence soon took a different turn. Tisdall paid his addresses to

Stella, and charged Swift with opposing his suit. Tisdall's letters are missing, but Swift's reply of April 20,

1704, puts things sufficiently clearly. "My conjecture is," he says, "that you think I obstructed your

inclinations to please my own, and that my intentions were the same with yours. In answer to all which I will,

upon my conscience and honour, tell you the naked truth. First, I think I have said to you before that, if my

fortunes and humour served me to think of that state, I should certainly, among all persons upon earth, make

your choice; because I never saw that person whose conversation I entirely valued but hers; this was the

utmost I ever gave way to. And secondly, I must assure you sincerely that this regard of mine never once

entered into my head to be an impediment to you." He had thought Tisdall not rich enough to marry; "but the

objection of your fortune being removed, I declare I have no other; nor shall any consideration of my own

misfortune, in losing so good a friend and companion as her, prevail on me, against her interest and

settlement in the world, since it is held so necessary and convenient a thing for ladies to marry, and that time

takes off from the lustre of virgins in all other eyes but mine. I appeal to my letters to herself whether I was

your friend or not in the whole concern, though the part I designed to act in it was purely passive." He had

even thought "it could not be decently broken," without disadvantage to the lady's credit, since he supposed it

was known to the town; and he had always spoken of her in a manner far from discouraging. Though he knew

many ladies of rank, he had "nowhere met with an humour, a wit, or conversation so agreeable, a better

portion of good sense, or a truer judgment of men or things." He envied Tisdall his prudence and temper, and

love of peace and settlement, "the reverse of which has been the great uneasiness of my life, and is likely to

continue so."

This letter has been quoted at some length because of its great importance. It is obviously capable of various

interpretations, and some, like Dr. Johnson, have concluded that Swift was resolved to keep Stella in his

power, and therefore prevented an advantageous match by making unreasonable demands. I cannot see any

ground for this interpretation, though it is probable that Tisdall's appearance as a suitor was sufficiently

annoying. There is no evidence that Stella viewed Tisdall's proposal with any favour, unless it can be held to

be furnished by Swift's belief that the town thoughtrightly or wronglythat there was an engagement. In any

case, there could be no mistake in future with regard to Swift's attitude towards Stella. She was dearer to him

than anyone else, and his feeling for her would not change, but for marriage he had neither fortune nor

The Journal to Stella

INTRODUCTION. 5

humour. Tisdall consoled himself by marrying another lady two years afterwards; and though for a long time

Swift entertained for him feelings of dislike, in later life their relations improved, and Tisdall was one of the

witnesses to Swift's will.

The Tale of a Tub was published in 1704, and Swift was soon in constant intercourse with Addison and the

other wits. While he was in England in 1705, Stella and Mrs. Dingley made a short visit to London. This and

a similar visit in 1708 are the only occasions on which Stella is known to have left Ireland after taking up her

residence in that country. Swift's influence over women was always very striking. Most of the toasts of the

day were his friends, and he insisted that any lady of wit and quality who desired his acquaintance should

make the first advances. This, he sayswriting in 1730 had been an established rule for over twenty years.

In 1708 a dispute on this question with one toast, Mrs. Long, was referred for settlement to Ginckel

Vanhomrigh, the son of the house where it was proposed that the meeting should take place; and by the

decisionwhich was in Swift's favour"Mrs. Vanhomrigh and her fair daughter Hessy" were forbidden to aid

Mrs. Long in her disobedience for the future. This is the first that we hear of Hester or Esther Vanhomrigh,

who was afterwards to play so marked a part in the story of Swift's life. Born on February 14, 1690, she was

now eighteen. Her father, Bartholomew Vanhomrigh, a Dublin merchant of Dutch origin, had died in 1703,

leaving his wife a fortune of some sixteen thousand pounds. On the income from this money Mrs.

Vanhomrigh, with her two daughters, Hester and Mary, were able to mix in fashionable society in London.

Swift was introduced to them by Sir Andrew Fountaine early in 1708, but evidently Stella did not make their

acquaintance, nor indeed hear much, if anything, of them until the time of the Journal.

Swift's visit to London in 1707−9 had for its object the obtaining for the Irish Church of the surrender by the

Crown of the First−Fruits and Twentieths, which brought in about 2500 pounds a year. Nothing came of

Swift's interviews with the Whig statesmen, and after many disappointments he returned to Laracor (June

1709), and conversed with none but Stella and her card−playing friends, and Addison, now secretary to Lord

Wharton.[4] Next year came the fall of the Whigs, and a request to Swift from the Irish bishops that he would

renew the application for the First−Fruits, in the hope that there would be greater success with the Tories.

Swift reached London in September 1710, and began the series of letters, giving details of the events of each

day, which now form the Journal to Stella. "I will write something every day to MD," he says, "and make it a

sort of journal; and when it is full I will send it, whether MD writes or no; and so that will be pretty; and I

shall always be in conversation with MD, and MD with Presto." It is interesting to note that by way of

caution these letters were usually addressed to Mrs. Dingley, and not to Stella.

The story of Swift's growing intimacy with the Tory leaders, of the success of his mission, of the increasing

coolness towards older acquaintances, and of his services to the Government, can best be read in the Journal

itself. In the meantime the intimacy with the Vanhomrighs grew rapidly. They were near neighbours of

Swift's, and in a few weeks after his arrival in town we find frequent allusions to the dinners at their house

(where he kept his best gown and periwig), sometimes with the explanation that he went there "out of mere

listlessness," or because it was wet, or because another engagement had broken down. Only thrice does he

mention the "eldest daughter": once on her birthday; once on the occasion of a trick played him, when he

received a message that she was suddenly very ill ("I rattled off the daughter"); and once to state that she was

come of age, and was going to Ireland to look after her fortune. There is evidence that "Miss Essy," or

Vanessa, to give her the name by which she will always be known, was in correspondence with Swift in July

1710while he was still in Irelandand in the spring of 1711;[5] and early in 1711 Stella seems to have

expressed surprise at Swift's intimacy with the family, for in February he replied, "You say they are of no

consequence; why, they keep as good female company as I do male; I see all the drabs of quality at this end

of the town with them." In the autumn Swift seems to have thought that Vanessa was keeping company with

a certain Hatton, but Mrs. Long− −possibly meaning to give him a warning hintremarked that if this were so

"she is not the girl I took her for; but to me she seems melancholy."

The Journal to Stella

INTRODUCTION. 6

In 1712 occasional letters took the place of the daily journal to "MD," but there is no change in the

affectionate style in which Swift wrote. In the spring he had a long illness, which affected him, indeed,

throughout the year. Other reasons which he gives for the falling off in his correspondence are his numerous

business engagements, and the hope of being able to send some good news of an appointment for himself.

There is only one letter to Stella between July 19 and September 15, and Dr. Birkbeck Hill argues that the

poem "Cadenus and Vanessa" was composed at that time.[6] If this be so, it must have been altered next year,

because it was not until 1713 that Swift was made a Dean. Writing on April 19, 1726, Swift said that the

poem "was written at Windsor near fourteen years ago, and dated: it was a task performed on a frolic among

some ladies, and she it was addressed to died some time ago in Dublin, and on her death the copy shewn by

her executor." Several copies were in circulation, and he was indifferent what was done with it; it was "only a

cavalier business," and if those who would not give allowances were malicious, it was only what he had long

expected.

From this letter it would appear that this remarkable poem was written in the summer of 1712; whereas the

title−page of the pamphlet says it was "written at Windsor, 1713." Swift visited Windsor in both years, but he

had more leisure in 1712, and we know that Vanessa was also at Windsor in that year. In that year, too, he

was forty−four, the age mentioned in the poem. Neither Swift nor Vanessa forgot this intercourse: years

afterwards Swift wrote to her, "Go over the scenes of Windsor. . . . Cad thinks often of these"; and again,

"Remember the indisposition at Windsor." We know that this poem was revised in 1719, when in all

probability Swift added the lines to which most exception can be taken. Cadenus was to be Vanessa's

instructor:

"His conduct might have made him styled

A father, and the nymph his child."

He had "grown old in politics and wit," and "in every scene had kept his heart," so that he now "understood

not what was love." But he had written much, and Vanessa admired his wit. Cadenus found that her thoughts

wandered

"Though she seemed to listen more

To all he spoke than e'er before."

When she confessed her love, he was filled with "shame, disappointment, guilt, surprise." He had aimed only

at cultivating the mind, and had hardly known whether she was young or old. But he was flattered, and

though he could not give her love, he offered her friendship, "with gratitude, respect, esteem." Vanessa took

him at his word, and said she would now be tutor, though he was not apt to learn:

"But what success Vanessa met

Is to the world a secret yet.

Whether the nymph to please her swain

Talks in a high romantic strain;

Or whether he at last descends

To act with less seraphic ends;

Or, to compound the business, whether

They temper love and books together,

Must never to mankind be told,

Nor shall the conscious Muse unfold."

Such is the poem as we now have it, written, it must be remembered, for Vanessa's private perusal. It is to be

regretted, for her own sake, that she did not destroy it.

Swift received the reward of his services to the Governmentthe Deanery of St. Patrick's, Dublinin April

1713. Disappointed at what he regarded as exile, he left London in June. Vanessa immediately began to send

him letters which brought home to him the extent of her passion; and she hinted at jealousy in the words, "If

The Journal to Stella

INTRODUCTION. 7

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

5.9 玖币 0人已下载

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

TheJournaltoStellaJonathanSwiftTableofContentsTheJournaltoStella...........................................................................................................................................1JonathanSwift......................................................................................

展开>> 收起<<

Swift, Johnathan - Journal to Stella, The.pdf

共321页,预览10页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！

Swift, Johnathan - Journal to Stella, The

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: