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carried out paper sacks of S ripe food, stuffed them into the metal container, Shut the lid tightly—
and when the container was full, these dreadful-looking creatures came and stole everything but the
can.
Finally, in the story, the dog begins to imagine that someday the garbagemen will eat the people in
the house, as well as stealing their food. Of course, the dog is wrong about this. We all know that
garbagemen do not eat people. But the dog's extrapolation was in a sense logical—given the facts at
his disposal. The story was about a real dog, and I used to watch him and try to get inside his head
and imagine how he saw the world. Certainly, I decided, that dog sees the world quite differently
than I do, or any humans do. And then I began to think, Maybe each human being lives in a unique
world, a private world, a world different from those inhabited and experienced by all other humans.
And that led me to wonder, If reality differs from person to person, can we speak of reality singular,
or shouldn't we really be talking about plural realities? And if there are plural realities, are some more
true (more real) than others? What about the world of a schizophrenic? Maybe it's as real as our
world. Maybe we cann ot say that we are in touch with reality and he is not, but should instead say,
His reality is so different trom ours that he can't explain his to us, and we can't explain ours to him.
The problem, then, is that if subjective worlds are exPerienced too differently, there occurs a
breakdown ofcommunication...and there is the real illness.
I once wrote a story about a man who was injured and taken to a hosPital. When they began
surgery on him, they discovered that he was an android, not a human, but he did not know it. They
had to break the news to him. Almost at once, Mr.Garson Poole discovered that his reality consisted
of punched tape passing from reel to reel in his chest. Fascinated, he began to fill in some of the
punched holes and add new ones. Immediately, his world changed. A flock of A flew through the
room when he punched one new!1 in the tape. Finally he cut the tape entirely, whereu the world
disappeared. However, it also disapn? for the other characters in the story . . . which tj no sense, if
you think about it. Unless the o2 characters were figments of his punched-tape fanta Which I guess is
what they were.
It was always my hope, in writing novels and stories which asked the question "What is reality?",
to some day get an answer. This was the hope of most of my readers, too. Years passed. I wrote
over thirty novels and over a hundred stories, and still I could not find out what was real. One day a
girl college student in Canada asked me to define reality for her, for a paper she was writing for her
philosophy class. She wanted a one-sentence answer. I thought about it and finally said, "Reality is
that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away." That's all I could come up with. That was
back in 1972. Since then I haven't been able to define reality any more lucidly.
But the problem is a real one, not a mere intellectual game. Because today we live in a society in
which spurious realities are manufactured by the media, governments, by big corporations, by
religious groups, political groups—and the electronic hardware exists bywhich to deliver these
pseudo-worlds right into heads of the reader, the viewer, the listener. Sometimes when I watch my
eleven-year-old daughter watch TV I wonder what she is being taught. The problem if miscuing;
consider that. A TV program produced for adults is viewed by a small child. Half of what is said and
done in the TV drama is probably misunderstood by the child. Maybe it's all misunderstood. And the
thing is, Just how authentic is the information anyhow, even if the child correctly understood it? What
is the relationship between the average TV situation comedy and reality? What about the cop
shows? Cars are continually swerving out of control, crashing, and catching fire. The police are
always good and they always win. Do not ignore that one point: The police always win. What a
lesson that is. You should not fight authority, and even if you do, you will lose. The message here is,