LAPTH-06322 CERN-TH-2022-158 KEK-TH-2454 Self-consistent extraction of spectroscopic bounds on light new physics C edric Delaunay1 2Jean-Philippe Karr3 4yTeppei Kitahara5 6 7z

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LAPTH-063/22, CERN-TH-2022-158, KEK-TH-2454

Self-consistent extraction of spectroscopic bounds on light new physics

C´edric Delaunay,1, 2, ∗Jean-Philippe Karr,3, 4, †Teppei Kitahara,5, 6, 7, ‡

Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij,8, §Yotam Soreq,9, ¶and Jure Zupan10, ∗∗

1Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Th´eorique,

CNRS – USMB, BP 110 Annecy-le-Vieux, F-74941 Annecy, France

2Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland

3Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Universit´e, CNRS, ENS-Universit´e PSL,

Coll`ege de France, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France

4Universit´e d’Evry-Val d’Essonne, Universit´e Paris-Saclay,

Boulevard Fran¸cois Mitterrand, F-91000 Evry, France

5Institute for Advanced Research & Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin

of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464–8602, Japan

6KEK Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba 305–0801, Japan

7CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

8LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,

De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

9Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel

10Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221,USA

Fundamental physical constants are determined from a collection of precision measurements of

elementary particles, atoms and molecules. This is usually done under the assumption of the Stan-

dard Model (SM) of particle physics. Allowing for light new physics (NP) beyond the SM modiﬁes

the extraction of fundamental physical constants. Consequently, setting NP bounds using these

data, and at the same time assuming the CODATA recommended values for the fundamental phys-

ical constants, is not reliable. As we show in this Letter, both SM and NP parameters can be

simultaneously determined in a consistent way from a global ﬁt. For light vectors with QED-like

couplings, such as the dark photon, we provide a prescription that recovers the degeneracy with

the photon in the massless limit, and requires calculations only at leading order in the small new

physics couplings. At present, the data show tensions partially related to the proton charge radius

determination. We show that these can be alleviated by including contributions from a light scalar

with ﬂavor non-universal couplings.

I. INTRODUCTION

Precision measurements of atomic and molecular prop-

erties play a dual role in fundamental physics. On the

one hand, assuming the Standard Model (SM) of parti-

cle physics, these are used to determine two of the SM

parameters, the ﬁne-structure constant, α, and the elec-

tron mass, me(through the Rydberg constant R∞≡

α2mec/(2h)), along with a number of other observables

such as the charge radii and relative atomic masses of the

proton and deuteron. An example is the determination

of fundamental physical constants by the Committee on

Data of the International Science Council (CODATA) [1].

On the other hand, precision measurements can be

used to search for new physics (NP) beyond the SM. Such

searches have been conducted using measurements of sin-

gle particle observables [2–4], atomic systems [5–10], and

molecular systems [11–14], see [15] for a review. The

∗cedric.delaunay@lapth.cnrs.fr

†karr@lkb.upmc.fr

‡teppeik@kmi.nagoya-u.ac.jp

§j.c.j.koelemeij@vu.nl

¶soreqy@physics.technion.ac.il

∗∗ zupanje@ucmail.uc.edu

presence of NP would manifest itself as a discrepancy

between measurements and theoretical SM predictions.

The diﬃculty here is that in many cases the SM pre-

dictions depend on the fundamental physics parameters,

which in turn were extracted from data by CODATA un-

der the assumption that the SM is correct, and no NP

exists. In general, the presence of NP would aﬀect the

extraction of fundamental constants, possibly reducing

the claimed sensitivity of NP searches. This subtlety is

more often than not ignored in the literature.

In this Letter we propose and carry out a self-

consistent determination of constraints on light NP mod-

els by performing a global ﬁt, simultaneously extracting

the SM and NP parameters. We go well beyond the previ-

ous studies [5,6,16], which were performed only on sub-

sets of data. We pay special attention to the potentially

problematic limit of massless NP. The challenge is that

the SM predictions are calculated to a higher perturba-

tive order than the leading order (LO) NP contributions,

which can then lead to incorrect limiting behaviour for

very light NP. Below, we provide a prescription, valid to

LO in NP parameters, that corrects for such mismatches

in the theoretical predictions, and leads to the proper

massless NP limit.

The global ﬁt shows several 3 σ(3 standard deviations)

discrepancies between observables and predictions, as-

arXiv:2210.10056v1 [hep-ph] 18 Oct 2022

suming the SM. These anomalies are well known: they

correspond to the measurements constituting the proton

charge radius puzzle [17–19], with the addition of new

measurements of hydrogen transitions [20,21]. Refer-

ence [20] showed the tension of their 2S1/2−8D5/2mea-

surement with other hydrogen data is relaxed in the pres-

ence of an additional Yukawa-like interaction. Our global

analysis, which determines simultaneously both the SM

and NP parameters, shows for the ﬁrst time that all these

deviations can be largely accounted for in a single NP

model – a light scalar that couples to gluons, electrons

and muons.

II. NEW PHYSICS BENCHMARK MODELS

We focus on minimal extensions of the SM, where ei-

ther a light scalar boson, φ, or a light vector boson, φµ,

is added to the spectrum of SM particles. The new light

particle is assumed to have parity conserving interactions

with the SM electrons and muons, as well as with light

quarks, resulting in couplings to neutrons and protons1.

The interaction Lagrangian is therefore given by

Lint =X

i=e,µ,n,p

giψi(Γ ·φ)ψi,(1)

where Γ ·φ≡φ, γµφµfor spin s= 0,1 bosons, respec-

tively. Taking the nonrelativistic limit for ψi, and work-

ing at LO in gi, the tree level exchange of φor φµinduces

a Yukawa-like nonrelativistic potential,

Vij

NP(r)=(−1)s+1αφqiqj

e−mφr

r,(2)

between particles ψiand ψj, separated by a distance

r. The NP coupling constant, αφ≡ |gegp|/(4π)>0,

gives the strength of the NP induced potential between

electrons and protons. The strength of NP interactions

between fermions ψiand ψj, relative to the electron–

proton one, is given by the product of eﬀective NP cou-

plings, qiqj, where qi≡gi/p|gegp|. In particular, for the

electron–proton system the product of eﬀective NP cou-

plings can take the values, qeqp=±1. For qiqj>0 the

potential (2) is attractive (repulsive) for spin 0 (1) medi-

ator φ, and vice versa for qiqj<0.

In the numerical analysis, we consider the following

benchmark NP models:

a. Dark photon. The light NP mediator is a vector

boson with couplings to the SM fermions proportional

to their electric charges. A UV complete realization is

an additional abelian gauge boson with ﬁeld strength

µν , that couples to the SM through the renormalizable

1Extension to parity non-conserving couplings and additional par-

ticles is straightforward.

kinetic mixing interaction, −(/2)F0

µν Fµν [22], where

Fµν is the electromagnetic ﬁeld strength. To LO in 

this yields αφ=α2and qe=qµ=−qp=−1, qn= 0.

b. B−Lgauge boson. The diﬀerence of baryon (B)

and lepton (L) numbers is non-anomalous, and can be

gauged without introducing new fermions [23,24]. Light

B−Lgauge boson with gauge coupling gB−Lgives rise

to the NP potential in (2) with αφ=g2

B−L/(4π). The

charges qe=qµ=−qp=−qn=−1 coincide with the

dark photon ones, except for neutron. Comparison of

B−Land dark photon bounds illustrates the importance

of performing spectroscopy of diﬀerent isotopes of the

same species, such as hydrogen and deuterium.

c. Scalar Higgs portal. A light scalar mixing with

the Higgs boson [25,26] inherits the SM Yukawa struc-

ture, giving αφ= sin2θ meκpmp/(4πv2).1.8×10−10

where v'246 GeV is the SM Higgs vacuum expectation

value, and θthe scalar mixing angle. The eﬀective

leptonic (`=e, µ) charges are q`=m`/√meκpmp,

while the eﬀective nucleon charges (N=p, n) are

given by qN=κNmN/√meκpmpwith κp'0.306(14)

and κn'0.308(14) [27–32] (see also Sec. S4). Since

couplings to muons and nucleons are enhanced by

qµ/qe=mµ/me'200 and gN/qe=mN/me'2×103,

respectively, this NP benchmark highlights the relevance

of muonic atom and molecular spectroscopy.

d. Hadrophilic scalar. A scalar with q`= 0 and

qN=κNmN/√meκpmp,i.e., with vanishing couplings

to leptons, highlights the importance of molecular

hydrogen ion spectroscopy as a probe of internuclear

interactions [11,14]. For expedience we take gNto

be the same as for the Higgs portal, but this could be

relaxed in general.

e. Up-lepto-darko-philic (ULD) scalar. In order to

evade strong bounds from K+→π++Xinv searches,

where Xinv are invisible particles that escape the de-

tector, see Sec. V, we adopt a particular version of a

light scalar benchmark. The ULD scalar has enhanced

couplings to leptons, q`=m`/pmeκ0

pmp, and reduced

couplings to nucleons (due to couplings to only the up

quark), qN=κ0

NmN/pmeκ0

pmp, with κ0

p'0.018(5) and

κ0

n'0.016(5), and αφ=k2meκ0

pmp/(4πv2), with ka di-

mensionless parameter controlling the overall strength of

interactions, which is varied in the ﬁt. The φis assumed

to predominantly decay to invisible states, possibly re-

lated to the dark matter, which evades constraints from

beam dump experiments. See Sec. S4 in the supplemen-

tal material for further details, including results for an

additional NP benchmark model– the scalar photon.

III. DATASETS

The adjustment of parameters, i.e., the ﬁtting proce-

dure, presented in this work has been carried out using

two diﬀerent datasets, CODATA18 and DATA22. The

CODATA18 dataset consists of data that was used in

the latest CODATA adjustment in Ref. [1], but restricted

only to the subset most relevant for constraining NP. This

subset contains observables related to the determination

of the Rydberg constant R∞, the proton and deuteron

radii, rpand rdrespectively, the ﬁne-structure constant

α, and the relative atomic masses of the electron, pro-

ton, and deuteron: Ar(e), Ar(p) and Ar(d), respectively.

The inputs are listed in Tables S1,S3, and include theory

uncertainties in Table S2. The other observables and pa-

rameters included in the CODATA 2018 adjustment are

very weakly correlated with the selected data, and can

be neglected for our purpose.

The DATA22 dataset combines the updated CO-

DATA18 inputs with the additional data that improve

the overall sensitivity to NP (see Table S6 and S9). In

particular, we include the measurements of transition fre-

quencies in simple molecular or molecule-like systems,

the hydrogen deuteride molecular ion (HD+) [33–35], and

the antiprotonic helium atom (¯p3He and ¯p4He) [36,37].

These have an enhanced sensitivity to the NP models

with mediators that have large couplings to quarks (and

thus nuclei). The three benchmark models of this type

are the Higgs portal, hadrophilic and ULD scalars, cf.

Sec II.

The CODATA18 dataset is used as a reference point

to verify the implementation of the inputs and the ad-

justment procedure, while DATA22 is used to obtain our

nominal results. The full list of data in the two datasets,

as well as further discussion of the importance of includ-

ing certain observables when constraining NP, is given in

Supplemental Material, Sections. S2 and S3.

IV. LEAST-SQUARES ADJUSTMENT WITH

NEW PHYSICS

The experimental data are compared to the theoretical

predictions with NP following the linearized least-squares

procedure [38]. The theoretical prediction for an observ-

able Otakes the form,

O=OSM(gSM) + ONP(gSM, αφ, mφ) + δOth ,(3)

where OSM is the state of the art SM predic-

tion, and depends on the SM parameters gSM =

{R∞, rp, rd, α, Ar(e), Ar(p), Ar(d)}, while the NP contri-

bution ONP depends in addition on αφand mφ. The

theoretical uncertainties are included as in Ref. [1], by

adding a normally distributed variable δOth with zero

mean and standard deviation equal to the estimated un-

certainty of the theoretical expression. The δOth’s are

treated as yet another set of input data and varied in the

ﬁt, along with gSM,αφ, and mφ, in order to minimize the

χ2function constructed from the input data and theory

predictions (see also Sec. S1).

The SM theoretical predictions for atomic transi-

tion frequencies, the electron anomalous magnetic mo-

ment, and bound-electron g-factors are from Ref. [1] (see

references therein). The predictions for the HD+and

¯pHe transition frequencies are from Ref. [39,40] and [41–

43], respectively, and are updated with the latest CO-

DATA recommended values, see Sec. S3 for details.

The NP contributions to atomic and molecular

ion transition frequencies are obtained using (time-

independent) ﬁrst-order perturbation theory [44,45]. We

use exact nonrelativistic wavefunctions for hydrogen-like

atoms and very precise nonrelativistic numerical ones

from a variational method of Ref. [46] for HD+and ¯pHe.

Expectation values of the Yukawa potentials in Eq. (2)

are calculated for a grid of mφvalues, taking advantage

of the fact that their matrix elements in the chosen basis

can be obtained in an analytical form. The precision is

limited to O(α2) because of the neglected relativistic cor-

rections to the wavefunction. The NP contribution to the

free-electron (g−2)earises at one-loop [47,48], while for

bound electrons we include an additional tree-level con-

tribution from electron-nucleus interaction [49]. Finally,

we assume NP to have negligible eﬀects in atom recoil

measurements as well as relative atomic mass measure-

ments from cyclotron frequency measurements in Pen-

ning traps.

We pay particular attention to the possible degeneracy

between the determination of SM and NP parameters. In

the mφ→0 limit, the dark photon is completely degener-

ate with the QED photon, since couplings of the two are

aligned, qi=Qi, and thus only the combination α+αφ

can be determined from data. This degeneracy should

be retained in the theoretical predictions (3), which in

principle requires calculating NP eﬀects to the same very

high order as the SM. We propose an alternative pro-

cedure, which uses the state-of-the-art SM calculations

but requires NP contribution only at LO in αφ, and re-

produces the correct qi→Qi,mφa01 limit, where

a0≡α/(4πR∞)=(αme)−1is the Bohr radius.

For light vectors we rewrite the NP potential in Eq. (2)

as the sum of the Coulomb-like potential with QED cou-

pling Qiplus the remainder,

Vij

NP(r) = αφ

QiQj

r+e

Vij

NP(r),(4)

where e

Vij

NP(r)≡αφ(qiqje−mφr−QiQj)/r. The theory

predictions are evaluated at LO in e

VNP(r), while the NP

Coulomb term and the related relativistic corrections are

evaluated to the same order as the SM, which amounts

to replacing α→α+αφin the SM predictions. For any

observable Othe theoretical prediction is then

O=OSM (α+αφ)+ e

ONP (α+αφ, αφ, mφ),(5)

where OSM is the SM contribution now expressed as a

function of α+αφand e

ONP is the NP contribution from

αa0

-1

mμ/mea0

Higgs portal

U(1)B-L

dark

photon

hadrophilic scalar

ULD scalar

10-410-310-210-11 10 102103104105

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

[

keV

]

αϕ95%CL exclusion

FIG. 1. The 95% CL bounds on the NP coupling constant αφ

as a function of the new boson’s mass mφfor the benchmark

NP models of Sec. II, as indicated. Other model-dependent

constraints may apply (see text).

VNP. In the mφ→0, qi→Qilimit the potential e

VNP

vanishes, and all theory predictions are the SM ones, but

shifted by α→α+αφ. For massive dark photon with

mφa01 the leading eﬀect of e

VNP is parametrically

ONP ∝m2

φ. Note that for massless B−Lthe potential

VNP vanishes in hydrogen but not in deuterium where

ONP ∝qn, thus breaking the degeneracy between the

SM and NP contributions when mφ→0.

For light scalars there is no degeneracy with QED in

the massless mediator limit; it is lifted by relativistic cor-

rections. We can use directly the state-of-the-art SM

predictions, and simply add to them the NP contribu-

tion due to the potential (2) at LO, without any special

treatments, see also Sec. S7.

V. RESULTS

First, we perform the control ﬁt, i.e., the least-squares

adjustment assuming SM, based on the CODATA18

dataset with inﬂated experimental uncertainties when

there are tensions in the data [1], see also Sec. S2. Re-

sulting χ2per degree-of-freedom (dof) is χ2

SM/νdof '0.95

(νdof = 78−44 = 34), indicating an overall good descrip-

tion by the SM, and the use of correct expansion fac-

tors. The output gSM values and relative uncertainties

(see Table S5) are in excellent agreement (.0.2σ) with

the latest CODATA recommended values [1], validating

our procedure.

Next, we perform adjustments based on the DATA22

dataset, assuming either the SM or one of the NP bench-

mark models in Sec. II. We do not inﬂate experimental

errors, since mild tensions in the data could be a hint of

NP. The SM-only hypothesis still describes the data rel-

atively well, with χ2

SM/νdof '1.4 (νdof = 102 −62 = 40),

-1

mμ/mea0

-1

NA62

SN1987a

E137

stellar

cooling

ULD scalar

1 10 102103104105

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

102

103

104

mϕ[keV]

αϕ

FIG. 2. The constraints on ULD scalar in the αφ, mφplane,

with purple-shaded 1,2,3,4σCL regions favored by the

DATA22 dataset (black dot is the best-ﬁt point). Exclusions

are by SN1987a [50,51] (below the pink line, absent if φin-

visible decay dominates), NA62 K+→π+Xinv search [52]

(green, the dashed line is a naive NNLO estimate), stellar

cooling [53] (gray), and E137 [54,55] (between yellow dashed

lines, absent if φinvisible decay dominates).

despite known tensions in the proton charge radius puz-

zle data and the recent hydrogen 2S1/2−8D5/2transi-

tion [20].

Figure 1shows the 95 % conﬁdence level (CL) up-

per bounds on αφas function of mφfor the NP bench-

mark models, Sec. II. The strongest exclusion is always

reached around mφ∼a−1

0∼4 keV, and stays roughly

constant for lighter mφ(except for dark photon due

to degeneracy with QED in the mφ→0 limit, see

Sec. IV). Deuterium observables translate to a ∼2×

stronger bound on B−Lat mφ∼a−1

0, compared to

dark photon. The signiﬁcantly stronger bounds on the

Higgs portal and hadrophilic scalar for mφ.10 keV are

due to the ∼κpmp/me'500 enhancement in inter-

nucleon interactions (compared to electron–nucleon po-

tential), aﬀecting the HD+observables. For heavier NP,

mφa0&1 (mµ/me) in hydrogen (muonic hydrogen),

the interaction is point-like, with suppressed electron

(muon) wave function overlap, and the bounds decou-

ple as ∝1/m2

φ(and more quickly for hadrophilic scalar).

The bounds are stronger for Higgs portal and ULD scalar

due to ∼mµ/me'200 enhanced eﬀects in muonic hy-

drogen.

For mφa0&mµ/methe Higgs portal and ULD scalar

are statistically preferred over the SM at the ∼4σand

∼5σlevel, respectively. Figure 2shows the preferred

region for the ULD scalar, around the best-ﬁt point,

mφ= 300 keV and αφ= 6.7×10−11. This NP hint

is supported mostly from the recent measurements of

the hydrogen 2S1/2−8D5/2and 1S1/2−3S1/2transi-

tions [20,21], as well as muonic deuterium, cf. Sec. S5.

While these tensions between data and the SM predic-

Higgs portal

mϕ=400keV

ULD scalar

mϕ=300keV

DATA22

CODATA18

CODATA18 (no expansion factors)

0 5 10 15 20

-2

(rp-rp

2018)/u(rp

2018)

(R∞-R∞

2018)/u(R∞

2018)

FIG. 3. The 68% CL regions for simultaneous determina-

tions of the Rydberg constant R∞and the proton radius rp

assuming either the SM-only hypothesis (gray) or including

putative NP contributions from a 400 keV Higgs portal scalar

(blue) or 300 keV ULD scalar (purple). The solid lines use

DATA22 dataset, the dashed (dotted) lines the CODATA18

dataset with (without) errors inﬂated by expansion factors.

Both R∞and rpare shown in terms of normalized devia-

tions from the central values of the CODATA 2018 analysis,

Ref. [1].

tion are not new, our analysis shows that all tensions

can be signiﬁcantly ameliorated when including NP in-

teractions due to a single light scalar. The favored NP

mass is close to the (inverse) Bohr radius of muonic

atoms, a−1

0×mµ/me∼MeV, due to the large muon-

electron coupling ratio in these models, contrasting with

scalars having weaker or vanishing coupling to muons (see

Sec. S4 and [20]). However, other constraints require the

scalar to have rather a nontrivial pattern of couplings, see

Sec S4 A. For ULD scalar the E137 [54,55] bounds are

evaded since φdecays predominantly to an invisible dark

sector. Since φcouples to up quarks and not directly to

heavy quarks and gluons, the bound from NA62 search

for K+→π+φ[52] is weakened [51,56]. Finally, the

minimal ULD model induces a too large contribution to

(g−2)µ, however this can be suppressed in less minimal

versions with a custodial symmetry [57].

The presence of NP also impacts the determination

of the fundamental constants in the SM. Figure 3

shows the 68 % CL determination of rpand R∞, sub-

tracting the CODATA 2018 recommended values and

normalizing to respective errors. The SM-parameter

uncertainties increase in the presence of NP and the

central values shift outside the nominal SM ellipse,

shown explicitly in Fig. 3for the Higgs portal and

ULD scalar model. Because of the degeneracy with

the photon the uncertainty on αin the dark photon

model increases as 1/m2

φfor masses below 10 eV (see

Fig. S7) and eventually becomes comparable to αitself

for mφ∼0.1 meV, while α+αφremains well constrained.

VI. CONCLUSIONS

Extracting bounds on light NP from a global ﬁt to

spectroscopic and other precision data requires both SM

and NP parameters to be determined simultaneously.

The possibility of NP contributions changes the extracted

allowed ranges of SM parameters, a change that can be

quite substantial, see Fig. 3. Furthermore, we provided a

prescription to consistently include NP corrections from

light vectors. It requires calculations of NP contribution

only at leading order, and recovers the expected degener-

acy between dark photon and QED in the massless me-

diator limit.

At present, spectroscopic data show tensions that

could either be due to unknown or under-appreciated

systematics, or to light NP. We showed that the ∼4σ

anomaly in data can be explained by a ﬂavor non-

universal light scalar model.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank Dmitry Budker and Gi-

lad Perez for useful discussions and comments on the

manuscript. The work of CD is supported by the

CNRS IRP NewSpec. The work of TK is supported

by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

(JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (Grant

No. 19K14706) and the JSPS Core-to-Core Program

(Grant No. JPJSCCA20200002). The work of YS is sup-

ported by grants from the NSF-BSF (No. 2018683),

the ISF (No. 482/20), the BSF (No. 2020300) and

by the Azrieli foundation. JZ acknowledges support in

part by the DOE grant de-sc0011784. This work was

also supported in part by the European Union’s Hori-

zon 2020 research and innovation programme, project

STRONG2020, under grant agreement No. 824093.

[1] E. Tiesinga, P. J. Mohr, D. B. Newell, and

B. N. Taylor, “CODATA recommended values of the

fundamental physical constants: 2018*,” Rev. Mod.

Phys. 93 (2021) 025010.

[2] D. Hanneke, S. Fogwell, and G. Gabrielse, “New

Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment and

the Fine Structure Constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100

(2008) 120801 [arXiv:0801.1134].

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LAPTH-063/22,CERN-TH-2022-158,KEK-TH-2454Self-consistentextractionofspectroscopicboundsonlightnewphysicsCedricDelaunay,1,2,Jean-PhilippeKarr,3,4,yTeppeiKitahara,5,6,7,zJeroenC.J.Koelemeij,8,xYotamSoreq,9,{andJureZupan10,1Laboratoired'Annecy-le-VieuxdePhysiqueTheorique,CNRS{USMB,BP110Annecy-le-V...

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LAPTH-06322 CERN-TH-2022-158 KEK-TH-2454 Self-consistent extraction of spectroscopic bounds on light new physics C edric Delaunay1 2Jean-Philippe Karr3 4yTeppei Kitahara5 6 7z

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