Search for spatial coincidence between IceCube neutrinos and radio pulsars Vibhavasu Pasumartiand Shantanu Desaiy Dept of Physics IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana-502284 India

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Search for spatial coincidence between IceCube neutrinos and radio pulsars

Vibhavasu Pasumarti∗and Shantanu Desai†

Dept of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana-502284, India

We search for a spatial association between radio pulsars and ultra-high energy neutrinos using

the publicly available IceCube point source neutrino events catalog. For this purpose we use the

unbinned maximum likelihood method to search for a statistically signiﬁcant excess from each of the

pulsars in the ATNF catalog. We do not ﬁnd any pulsars with detection signiﬁcance much higher

than that expected from a Gaussian distribution, Therefore, we conclude that none of the currently

known pulsars contribute to the diﬀuse neutrino ﬂux detected by IceCube.

I. INTRODUCTION

The IceCube collaboration has detected a diﬀuse ﬂux of astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV energy range, whose

origin is still a mystery [1]. This diﬀuse ﬂux of neutrinos may also hold the key to unveil the source of ultra high

energy cosmic rays [2]. With the exception of some point sources such as NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240,

the majority of IceCube events cannot be attributed to any astrophysical source [3]. A large number of extragalactic

astrophysical sources have been considered for their origin including blazars and other types of AGNs, star-forming

galaxies, FRBs, GRBs, galaxy clusters, other ancillary extragalactic sources in Fermi-LAT catalog, etc. However,

the expected contribution of blazars from the 2nd Fermi-LAT AGN catalog to the diﬀuse neutrino ﬂux cannot be

more than 27% [4]. Furthermore, no statistically signiﬁcant spatial with ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, believed to be

extragalactic have been seen [5]. Although, isotropy studies of neutrino arrival directions indicate that any galactic

component must be sub-dominant [6], it is still plausible that the galactic contribution could be up-to 10-20% [7].

If one posits a 100% extragalactic origin for the neutrino ﬂux there is an underlying tension when trying to ﬁt the

Fermi-LAT data [8]. A recent review concludes that the neutrino ﬂux component between 10-100 TeV could be of

galactic origin [9].

Therefore, for the above reasons, a large number of works have explored possible contributions from galactic sources

to the IceCube diﬀuse neutrino ﬂux. This includes individual sources such as supernova remnants, X-ray binaries,

pulsar wind nebulae, open clusters, LHAASO sources, as well as a diﬀuse galactic component due to cosmic ray

interactions with the interstellar medium [10–17]. It is also important to look for coincidences sources which have

hitherto not been considered.

In this work, we search for a statistically signiﬁcant angular correlation between IceCube neutrinos and radio pulsars.

Pulsars are rotating neutron stars, which emit pulsed radio emissions with periods ranging from milliseconds to a few

seconds with magnetic ﬁelds ranging from 108to 1014 G [18,19]. Pulsars are known to be wonderful laboratories for

a whole slew of topics in Physics and Astronomy [20] from stellar evolution [21] to dark matter [22]. We note that

pulsars and magnetars have been known to be promising sources of high energy neutrinos for a long time [23–25].

Some theoretical models have predicted steady state emissions from some pulsars, with an event rate of about ∼5

events/km2/year [26,27]. Furthermore, a 2.6σexcess of GeV neutrinos from underground detectors has also been seen

from one pulsar, viz PSR B1509-58 [28]. Neutrinos with GeV energies may have been observed from the protoneutron

star within one year of SN 1987A explosion [29]. Furthermore, a large number of mainly millisecond pulsars have

been detected by the Fermi-LAT telescope of which some are yet to be detected in radio [30]. Pulsar have also been

proposed as sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays [31,32]. Although the aforementioned results don’t unequivocally

point to pulsars as sources of TeV energy neutrinos, there has not been any dedicated searches for neutrinos from

pulsars with IceCube. Therefore, we use the public IceCube neutrino point source catalog to search for a spatial

coincidence with individual pulsars.

The outline of this manuscript is as follows. The neutrino and pulsar dataset used in this work are described in

Section II. The analysis and results are discussed in Section III and we conclude in Section IV.

∗E-mail:ep20btech11015@iith.ac.in

†E-mail: shntn05@gmail.com

arXiv:2210.12804v2 [astro-ph.HE] 24 Nov 2022

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SearchforspatialcoincidencebetweenIceCubeneutrinosandradiopulsarsVibhavasuPasumartiandShantanuDesaiyDeptofPhysics,IITHyderabad,Kandi,Telangana-502284,IndiaWesearchforaspatialassociationbetweenradiopulsarsandultra-highenergyneutrinosusingthepubliclyavailableIceCubepointsourceneutrinoeventscatalog.Fo...

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Search for spatial coincidence between IceCube neutrinos and radio pulsars Vibhavasu Pasumartiand Shantanu Desaiy Dept of Physics IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana-502284 India

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