matplotlib_users_guide_0.90.0

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The Matplotlib User’s Guide
John Hunter
and
Darren Dale
May 27, 2007
2
Contents
1 Introduction 5
1.1 Migrating from MATLABTM ....................................... 6
2 Installation and Setup 9
2.1 Installing ................................................. 9
2.1.1 Quickstart on windows ...................................... 9
2.1.2 Package managers: (rpms, apt, fink) ............................... 9
2.1.3 Compiling matplotlib ....................................... 10
2.1.4 Trial Run ............................................. 11
2.2 Backends ................................................. 11
2.3 Integrated development environments .................................. 12
2.4 Interactive ................................................. 12
2.5 Numerix .................................................. 14
2.5.1 Choosing Numeric, numarray, or NumPy ............................ 14
2.6 Customization using matplotlibrc ................................... 15
2.6.1 RC file format .......................................... 15
2.6.2 Which rc file is used? ....................................... 15
2.6.3 Getting feedback from matplotlib ................................ 16
3 The pylab interface 17
3.1 Simple plots ................................................ 17
3.2 More on plot ............................................... 19
3.2.1 Multiple lines ........................................... 19
3.2.2 Controlling line properties .................................... 20
3.3 Color arguments .............................................. 22
3.4 Loading and saving data ......................................... 22
3.4.1 Loading and saving ASCII data ................................. 22
3.4.2 Loading and saving binary data ................................. 23
3.4.3 Processing several data files ................................... 24
3.5 axes and figures .............................................. 24
3.5.1 figure .............................................. 24
3.5.2 subplot ............................................. 25
3.5.3 axes ............................................... 27
3.6 Text .................................................... 29
3.6.1 Basic text commands ....................................... 29
3.6.2 Text properties .......................................... 29
3.6.3 Text layout ............................................ 30
3.6.4 mathtext .............................................. 32
3.6.5 Annotations ............................................ 33
3.7 Images ................................................... 36
3
3.7.1 Axes images ........................................... 36
3.7.2 Figure images ........................................... 38
3.7.3 Scaling and color mapping .................................... 38
3.7.4 Image origin ........................................... 39
3.8 Bar charts, histograms and errorbar plots ................................. 40
3.8.1 Broken bar charts ......................................... 40
3.9 Polar charts ................................................ 41
3.10 Pseudocolor and scatter plots ....................................... 43
3.11 Spectral analysis ............................................. 43
3.12 Axes properties .............................................. 45
3.13 Legends and tables ............................................ 45
3.14 Navigation ................................................. 45
3.14.1 Classic toolbar .......................................... 45
3.14.2 toolbar2 .............................................. 45
3.15 Event handling .............................................. 46
3.16 Customizing plot defaults ......................................... 48
4 Font finding and properties 49
5 Collections 53
6 Tick locators and formatters 55
6.1 Tick locating ............................................... 55
6.2 Tick formatting .............................................. 56
6.3 Example 1: major and minor ticks .................................... 56
6.4 Example 2: date ticking .......................................... 58
7 Interactive object picking 61
7.1 Picking with a lasso tool ......................................... 63
8 Custom objects and units 67
9 Cookbook 73
9.1 Plot elements ............................................... 73
9.1.1 Horizontal or vertical lines/spans ................................. 73
9.1.2 Fill the area between two curves ................................. 73
9.1.3 Drawing true ellipses and circles ................................. 73
9.2 Text .................................................... 74
9.2.1 Adding a ylabel on the right of the axes ............................. 74
9.3 Data analysis ............................................... 75
9.3.1 Linear regression ......................................... 75
9.3.2 Polynomial regression ...................................... 76
9.4 Working with images ........................................... 77
9.4.1 Loading existing images into matplotlib ............................. 77
9.4.2 Blending several axes images using alpha ............................ 78
9.4.3 Creating a mosaic of images ................................... 79
9.4.4 Defining your own colormap ................................... 80
9.5 Output ................................................... 80
9.5.1 Printing to standard output .................................... 80
4
10 Matplotlib API 81
10.1 The matplotlib backends ......................................... 81
10.1.1 The renderer and graphics context ................................ 82
10.1.2 The figure canvases ........................................ 83
10.2 The matplotlib Artists ........................................... 83
10.3 pylab interface internals .......................................... 83
A A sample matplotlibrc 89
B mathtext symbols 95
C matplotlib source code license 97
5
摘要：

TheMatplotlibUser'sGuideJohnHunterandDarrenDaleMay27,20072Contents1Introduction51.1MigratingfromMATLABTM.......................................62InstallationandSetup92.1Installing.................................................92.1.1Quickstartonwindows......................................92.1.2Pac...

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