[Wiki Books]Python_Programming

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Python Programming
Wikibooks.org
June 22, 2012
On the 28th of April 2012 the contents of the English as well as German Wikibooks and Wikipedia projects were
licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. An URI to this license is given
in the list of figures on page 149. If this document is a derived work from the contents of one of these projects
and the content was still licensed by the project under this license at the time of derivation this document has
to be licensed under the same, a similar or a compatible license, as stated in section 4b of the license. The
list of contributors is included in chapter Contributors on page 143. The licenses GPL, LGPL and GFDL are
included in chapter Licenses on page 153, since this book and/or parts of it may or may not be licensed under
one or more of these licenses, and thus require inclusion of these licenses. The licenses of the figures are given
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Contents
1 Overview 3
2 Getting Python 5
2.1 Python2vsPython3 ................................. 5
2.2 Installing Python in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 InstallingPythononMac............................... 6
2.4 Installing Python on Unix environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5 KeepingUptoDate.................................. 8
3 Interactive mode 9
4 Creating Python programs 11
4.1 Hello,World! ..................................... 11
4.2 Exercises ....................................... 13
4.3 Notes ......................................... 13
5 Basic syntax 15
6 Data types 19
7 Numbers 21
8 Strings 23
8.1 Stringmanipulation.................................. 23
9 Lists 33
9.1 AboutlistsinPython ................................. 33
9.2 Listmethods...................................... 38
9.3 operators ....................................... 39
10 Dictionaries 41
10.1 About dictionaries in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11 Sets 43
12 Operators 49
12.1Basics......................................... 49
12.2Powers......................................... 49
12.3 Division and Type Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12.4Modulo ........................................ 50
12.5Negation........................................ 50
12.6AugmentedAssignment................................ 50
III
Contents
12.7Boolean ........................................ 51
12.8References....................................... 51
13 Flow control 53
14 Functions 59
15 Scoping 63
16 Exceptions 65
17 Input and output 69
17.1Input.......................................... 69
17.2Output......................................... 72
18 Modules 75
18.1ImportingaModule.................................. 75
18.2CreatingaModule .................................. 76
18.3Externallinks ..................................... 77
19 Classes 79
20 MetaClasses 95
21 Regular Expression 99
21.1Patternobjects..................................... 99
21.2Matchingandsearching................................ 100
21.3Replacing ....................................... 102
21.4Otherfunctions .................................... 102
21.5Externallinks ..................................... 103
22 GUI Programming 105
22.1Tkinter......................................... 105
22.2PyGTK ........................................ 106
22.3PyQt.......................................... 106
22.4wxPython ....................................... 106
22.5Dabo.......................................... 107
22.6pyFltk ......................................... 108
22.7OtherToolkits..................................... 108
23 Game Programming in Python 109
23.13DGameProgramming................................ 109
23.22DGameProgramming................................ 110
23.3SeeAlso........................................ 111
24 Sockets 113
24.1HTTPClient...................................... 113
24.2NTP/Sockets ..................................... 113
IV
Contents
25 Files 115
25.1FileI/O ........................................ 115
25.2TestingFiles...................................... 116
25.3CommonFileOperations............................... 117
26 Database Programming 119
26.1 Generic Database Connectivity using ODBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
26.2 Postgres connection in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
26.3 MySQL connection in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
26.4SQLAlchemyinAction................................ 120
26.5Seealso ........................................ 120
26.6References....................................... 120
26.7Externallinks ..................................... 120
27 Web Page Harvesting 121
28 Threading 123
28.1Examples ....................................... 123
29 Extending with C 125
29.1UsingthePython/CAPI ............................... 125
29.2UsingSWIG...................................... 128
30 Extending with C++ 131
30.1AHelloWorldExample ............................... 131
30.2AnexamplewithCGAL ............................... 132
30.3 Handling Python objects and errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
31 WSGI web programming 135
32 WSGI Web Programming 137
32.1ExternalResources .................................. 137
33 References 139
33.1Languagereference.................................. 139
33.2Externallinks ..................................... 139
34 Authors 141
34.1 Authors of Python textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
35 Contributors 143
List of Figures 149
36 Licenses 153
36.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
36.2 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
36.3 GNU Lesser General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
1
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PythonProgrammingWikibooks.orgJune22,2012Onthe28thofApril2012thecontentsoftheEnglishaswellasGermanWikibooksandWikipediaprojectswerelicensedunderCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlike3.0Unportedlicense.AnURItothislicenseisgiveninthelistofguresonpage149.Ifthisdocumentisaderivedworkfromthecontentsofone...

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