2011年12月英语六级真题及答案

VIP免费

2024-12-27 2 0 166.65KB 18 页 5.9玖币

侵权投诉

2011 12 (CET-6)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Direction:

             !          

!"#  $    %&&"'  & !!(  !  )'  *!&!+

,  -./0 1&!!2

!    ,  ,  !!(    13.  4      

"56"'! !"7"3

The Way to Success



Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer

thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the

four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with

the information given in the passage.

Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?

Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomakedigital

copiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesinAmericaand

Europe-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexactmethoditusesis

unclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.

Why  is  Google  undertaking such a  venture?  Why  is  it  even  interested  in  all  those  out-of-

printlibrary  books,  most  of  which  have  been  gathering  dust  on  forgotten  shelves  for  decades?

Thecompany  claims  its  motives  are  essentially  public-spirited.  Its  overall  mission,  after  all,  is  to

"organisetheworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.

Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmaking

money.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksfor

Europe,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopeto

expandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."

DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisis

primarilyaphilanthropic(89:)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviously

whathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuilt

aspreadsheet(;<=>?)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustify

theamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."

Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.But

Google'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged,

rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsand

publishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosetsofcriticismsat

Google.

First,  they  have  questioned  whether  the  primary  responsibility  for  digitally  archiving  the

world'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercial company.Inarecentessay intheNew

YorkReview of Books,RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecause

suchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshould

begiventhepowertocontrolthem.

ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.Thisallegationhas

ledtoGooglebecomingmired in(@A)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakestheJarndyce

andJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens'Bleak Houselookstraightforward.

At  its  centre,  however,  is  one  simple  issue:  that  of  copyright.  The  inconvenient  fact  about

mostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficient attention,isthattheyareprotected

bycopyright. Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountry to country,butingeneralprotectionextendsfor

thedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirsto

benefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,thatalmost

allofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andthelastcenturysawmore

bookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUS

libraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27millionareoutof

print.

OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe

"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanreadfor

freeonGoogleBooksSearch).

But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Inits

defence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright–arguing

thatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebooks

withoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.

"The  key  principle  of  copyright  law  has  always  been  that  works  can  be  copied  only

onceauthorshave expressly given theirpermission,"saysPiers Blofeld, ofthe SheilLandliterary

agencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbothering

toask."

In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclass

action suit(BCDE)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithan

announcementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.

Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosummariseitisno

easytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasically incomprehensible,"saysBlofeld, oneof the

settlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.

Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublisherswhose

rightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).

Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.

This settlement handsGooglethepower- but only withtheagreement ofindividualrights

holders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldto

librariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatare

provingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.

Critics  point  out  that,  by  giving  Google  the  right  to  commercially  exploit  its  database,

thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationto

seller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertising

onthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann,associateprofessoratNew

YorkLaw School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google  couldbecome  a

significantforceinbookselling.

Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknown

settlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercial

controlautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksfor

free,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividualbuyersunderthe

consumerlicence.

Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbeenacted(FG)–itisthesubjectofafairness

hearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfarascopyright

violationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyis

likelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.

No one knows  the  precise  use  Google  will  make of  the  intellectual  property  it  has  gained

byscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmember

oftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.Butwhatis

certainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificant

impactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.

HIJKLMNOPQ 1RSPT

1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.

A)toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic

B)toencouragereadingaroundtheworld

C)tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibraries

D)topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching

2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.

A)broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizons

B)helpthebroadmassesofreaders

C)revolutionisetheentirebookindustry

D)makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine

3.Opponents  of  Google  Books  believe  that  digitally  archiving  the  world's  books  should  be

controlledby_____.

A)non-profitorganisationsC)multinationalcompanies

B)theworld'sleadinglibrariesD)theworld'stechgiants

4.Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.

A)thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooks

B)thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned

C)theinterestoftraditionalbooksellers

D)thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks

5.Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.

A)itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontent

B)itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholders

C)makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyright

D)theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse

6.WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?

A)ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.

B)Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.

C)ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.

D)Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.

7.Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?

A)Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.

B)ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.

C)Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.

D)Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.

8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.

9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.

10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture.



Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end

of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the

conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will

be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),

and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer

Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

5.9 玖币 0人已下载

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

2011年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled TheWaytoSuccess bycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,"Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe."Youshouldwriteatleast 150 wordsbutnomorethan 20...

展开>> 收起<<

2011年12月英语六级真题及答案.doc

共18页,预览4页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！

2011年12月英语六级真题及答案

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: