King Lear(李尔王)
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2024-12-26
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KING LEAR
KING LEAR
William Shakespeare
1606
KING LEAR
Dramatis Personae
Lear, King of Britain. King of France. Duke of Burgundy. Duke of
Cornwall. Duke of Albany. Earl of Kent. Earl of Gloucester. Edgar, son of
Gloucester. Edmund, bastard son to Gloucester. Curan, a courtier. Old
Man, tenant to Gloucester. Doctor. Lear's Fool. Oswald, steward to
Goneril. A Captain under Edmund's command. Gentlemen. A Herald.
Servants to Cornwall.
Goneril, daughter to Lear. Regan, daughter to Lear. Cordelia,
daughter to Lear.
Knights attending on Lear, Officers, Messengers, Soldiers,
Attendants.
Scene: - Britain.
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ACT I.
KING LEAR
SCENE I. [King Lear's Palace.]
Enter Kent, Gloucester, and Edmund. [Kent and Glouceste converse.
Edmund stands back.]
Kent. I thought the King had more affected the Duke of Albany than
Cornwall. Glou. It did always seem so to us; but now, in the division of the
kingdom, it appears not which of the Dukes he values most, for equalities
are so weigh'd that curiosity in neither can make choice of either's moiety.
Kent. Is not this your son, my lord? Glou. His breeding, sir, hath been at
my charge. I have so often blush'd to acknowledge him that now I am
braz'd to't. Kent. I cannot conceive you. Glou. Sir, this young fellow's
mother could; whereupon she grew round-womb'd, and had indeed, sir, a
son for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed. Do you smell a fault?
Kent. I cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it being so proper. Glou.
But I have, sir, a son by order of law, some year elder than this, who yet is
no dearer in my account. Though this knave came something saucily into
the world before he was sent for, yet was his mother fair, there was good
sport at his making, and the whoreson must be acknowledged.- Do you
know this noble gentleman, Edmund? Edm. [comes forward] No, my lord.
Glou. My Lord of Kent. Remember him hereafter as my honourable friend.
Edm. My services to your lordship. Kent. I must love you, and sue to
know you better. Edm. Sir, I shall study deserving. Glou. He hath been out
nine years, and away he shall again. Sound a sennet. The King is coming.
Enter one bearing a coronet; then Lear; then the Dukes of Albany and
Cornwall; next, Goneril, Regan, Cordelia, with Followers.
Lear. Attend the lords of France and Burgundy, Gloucester. Glou. I
shall, my liege. Exeunt [Gloucester and Edmund]. Lear. Meantime we
shall express our darker purpose. Give me the map there. Know we have
divided In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and
business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we
Unburthen'd crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall, And you, our no
less loving son of Albany, We have this hour a constant will to publish Our
daughters' several dowers, that future strife May be prevented now. The
princes, France and Burgundy, Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love,
KING LEAR
Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be
answer'd. Tell me, my daughters (Since now we will divest us both of rule,
Interest of territory, cares of state), Which of you shall we say doth love us
most? That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with
merit challenge. Goneril, Our eldest-born, speak first. Gon. Sir, I love you
more than words can wield the matter; Dearer than eyesight, space, and
liberty; Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare; No less than life, with
grace, health, beauty, honour; As much as child e'er lov'd, or father found;
A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. Beyond all manner of
so much I love you. Cor. [aside] What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be
silent. Lear. Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, With shadowy
forests and with champains rich'd, With plenteous rivers and wide-skirted
meads, We make thee lady. To thine and Albany's issue Be this perpetual.-
What says our second daughter, Our dearest Regan, wife to Cornwall?
Speak. Reg. Sir, I am made Of the selfsame metal that my sister is, And
prize me at her worth. In my true heart I find she names my very deed of
love; Only she comes too short, that I profess Myself an enemy to all other
joys Which the most precious square of sense possesses, And find I am
alone felicitate In your dear Highness' love. Cor. [aside] Then poor
Cordelia! And yet not so; since I am sure my love's More richer than my
tongue. Lear. To thee and thine hereditary ever Remain this ample third of
our fair kingdom, No less in space, validity, and pleasure Than that
conferr'd on Goneril.- Now, our joy, Although the last, not least; to whose
young love The vines of France and milk of Burgundy Strive to be interest;
what can you say to draw A third more opulent than your sisters? Speak.
Cor. Nothing, my lord. Lear. Nothing? Cor. Nothing. Lear. Nothing can
come of nothing. Speak again. Cor. Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My
heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty According to my bond; no more
nor less. Lear. How, how, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little, Lest it may
mar your fortunes. Cor. Good my lord, You have begot me, bred me, lov'd
me; I Return those duties back as are right fit, Obey you, love you, and
most honour you. Why have my sisters husbands, if they say They love
you all? Haply, when I shall wed, That lord whose hand must take my
plight shall carry Half my love with him, half my care and duty. Sure I
KING LEAR
shall never marry like my sisters, To love my father all. Lear. But goes thy
heart with this? Cor. Ay, good my lord. Lear. So young, and so untender?
Cor. So young, my lord, and true. Lear. Let it be so! thy truth then be thy
dower! For, by the sacred radiance of the sun, The mysteries of Hecate and
the night; By all the operation of the orbs From whom we do exist and
cease to be; Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property
of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this for
ever. The barbarous Scythian, Or he that makes his generation messes To
gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom Be as well neighbour'd, pitied, and
reliev'd, As thou my sometime daughter. Kent. Good my liege- Lear. Peace,
Kent! Come not between the dragon and his wrath. I lov'd her most, and
thought to set my rest On her kind nursery.- Hence and avoid my sight!-
So be my grave my peace as here I give Her father's heart from her! Call
France! Who stirs? Call Burgundy! Cornwall and Albany, With my two
daughters' dowers digest this third; Let pride, which she calls plainness,
marry her. I do invest you jointly in my power, Preeminence, and all the
large effects That troop with majesty. Ourself, by monthly course, With
reservation of an hundred knights, By you to be sustain'd, shall our abode
Make with you by due turns. Only we still retain The name, and all th'
additions to a king. The sway, Revenue, execution of the rest, Beloved
sons, be yours; which to confirm, This coronet part betwixt you. Kent.
Royal Lear, Whom I have ever honour'd as my king, Lov'd as my father,
as my master follow'd, As my great patron thought on in my prayers- Lear.
The bow is bent and drawn; make from the shaft. Kent. Let it fall rather,
though the fork invade The region of my heart! Be Kent unmannerly
When Lear is mad. What wouldst thou do, old man? Think'st thou that
duty shall have dread to speak When power to flattery bows? To plainness
honour's bound When majesty falls to folly. Reverse thy doom; And in thy
best consideration check This hideous rashness. Answer my life my
judgment, Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least, Nor are those
empty-hearted whose low sound Reverbs no hollowness. Lear. Kent, on
thy life, no more! Kent. My life I never held but as a pawn To wage
against thine enemies; nor fear to lose it, Thy safety being the motive. Lear.
Out of my sight! Kent. See better, Lear, and let me still remain The true
KING LEAR
blank of thine eye. Lear. Now by Apollo- Kent. Now by Apollo, King,
Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Lear. O vassal! miscreant! [Lays his hand
on his sword.] Alb., Corn. Dear sir, forbear! Kent. Do! Kill thy physician,
and the fee bestow Upon the foul disease. Revoke thy gift, Or, whilst I can
vent clamour from my throat, I'll tell thee thou dost evil. Lear. Hear me,
recreant! On thine allegiance, hear me! Since thou hast sought to make us
break our vow- Which we durst never yet- and with strain'd pride To come
between our sentence and our power,- Which nor our nature nor our place
can bear,- Our potency made good, take thy reward. Five days we do allot
thee for provision To shield thee from diseases of the world, And on the
sixth to turn thy hated back Upon our kingdom. If, on the tenth day
following, Thy banish'd trunk be found in our dominions, The moment is
thy death. Away! By Jupiter, This shall not be revok'd. Kent. Fare thee
well, King. Since thus thou wilt appear, Freedom lives hence, and
banishment is here. [To Cordelia] The gods to their dear shelter take thee,
maid, That justly think'st and hast most rightly said! [To Regan and
Goneril] And your large speeches may your deeds approve, That good
effects may spring from words of love. Thus Kent, O princes, bids you all
adieu; He'll shape his old course in a country new. Exit.
Flourish. Enter Gloucester, with France and Burgundy; Attendants.
Glou. Here's France and Burgundy, my noble lord. Lear. My Lord of
Burgundy, We first address toward you, who with this king Hath rivall'd
for our daughter. What in the least Will you require in present dower with
her, Or cease your quest of love? Bur. Most royal Majesty, I crave no more
than hath your Highness offer'd, Nor will you tender less. Lear. Right
noble Burgundy, When she was dear to us, we did hold her so; But now
her price is fall'n. Sir, there she stands. If aught within that little seeming
substance, Or all of it, with our displeasure piec'd, And nothing more, may
fitly like your Grace, She's there, and she is yours. Bur. I know no answer.
Lear. Will you, with those infirmities she owes, Unfriended, new adopted
to our hate, Dow'r'd with our curse, and stranger'd with our oath, Take her,
or leave her? Bur. Pardon me, royal sir. Election makes not up on such
conditions. Lear. Then leave her, sir; for, by the pow'r that made me, I tell
you all her wealth. [To France] For you, great King, I would not from your
KING LEAR
love make such a stray To match you where I hate; therefore beseech you
T' avert your liking a more worthier way Than on a wretch whom nature is
asham'd Almost t' acknowledge hers. France. This is most strange, That
she that even but now was your best object, The argument of your praise,
balm of your age, Most best, most dearest, should in this trice of time
Commit a thing so monstrous to dismantle So many folds of favour. Sure
her offence Must be of such unnatural degree That monsters it, or your
fore-vouch'd affection Fall'n into taint; which to believe of her Must be a
faith that reason without miracle Should never plant in me. Cor. I yet
beseech your Majesty, If for I want that glib and oily art To speak and
purpose not, since what I well intend, I'll do't before I speak- that you
make known It is no vicious blot, murther, or foulness, No unchaste action
or dishonoured step, That hath depriv'd me of your grace and favour; But
even for want of that for which I am richer- A still-soliciting eye, and such
a tongue As I am glad I have not, though not to have it Hath lost me in
your liking. Lear. Better thou Hadst not been born than not t' have pleas'd
me better. France. Is it but this- a tardiness in nature Which often leaves
the history unspoke That it intends to do? My Lord of Burgundy, What say
you to the lady? Love's not love When it is mingled with regards that
stands Aloof from th' entire point. Will you have her? She is herself a
dowry. Bur. Royal Lear, Give but that portion which yourself propos'd,
And here I take Cordelia by the hand, Duchess of Burgundy. Lear. Nothing!
I have sworn; I am firm. Bur. I am sorry then you have so lost a father
That you must lose a husband. Cor. Peace be with Burgundy! Since that
respects of fortune are his love, I shall not be his wife. France. Fairest
Cordelia, that art most rich, being poor; Most choice, forsaken; and most
lov'd, despis'd! Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon. Be it lawful I take
up what's cast away. Gods, gods! 'tis strange that from their cold'st neglect
My love should kindle to inflam'd respect. Thy dow'rless daughter, King,
thrown to my chance, Is queen of us, of ours, and our fair France. Not all
the dukes in wat'rish Burgundy Can buy this unpriz'd precious maid of me.
Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind. Thou losest here, a better
where to find. Lear. Thou hast her, France; let her be thine; for we Have no
such daughter, nor shall ever see That face of hers again. Therefore be
KING LEAR
gone Without our grace, our love, our benison. Come, noble Burgundy.
Flourish. Exeunt Lear, Burgundy, [Cornwall, Albany, Gloucester, and
Attendants]. France. Bid farewell to your sisters. Cor. The jewels of our
father, with wash'd eyes Cordelia leaves you. I know you what you are;
And, like a sister, am most loath to call Your faults as they are nam'd. Use
well our father. To your professed bosoms I commit him; But yet, alas,
stood I within his grace, I would prefer him to a better place! So farewell
to you both. Gon. Prescribe not us our duties. Reg. Let your study Be to
content your lord, who hath receiv'd you At fortune's alms. You have
obedience scanted, And well are worth the want that you have wanted. Cor.
Time shall unfold what plighted cunning hides. Who cover faults, at last
shame them derides. Well may you prosper! France. Come, my fair
Cordelia. Exeunt France and Cordelia. Gon. Sister, it is not little I have to
say of what most nearly appertains to us both. I think our father will hence
to-night. Reg. That's most certain, and with you; next month with us. Gon.
You see how full of changes his age is. The observation we have made of
it hath not been little. He always lov'd our sister most, and with what poor
judgment he hath now cast her off appears too grossly. Reg. 'Tis the
infirmity of his age; yet he hath ever but slenderly known himself. Gon.
The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then must we look to
receive from his age, not alone the imperfections of long-ingraffed
condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric
years bring with them. Reg. Such unconstant starts are we like to have
from him as this of Kent's banishment. Gon. There is further compliment
of leave-taking between France and him. Pray you let's hit together. If our
father carry authority with such dispositions as he bears, this last surrender
of his will but offend us. Reg. We shall further think on't. Gon. We must
do something, and i' th' heat. Exeunt.
KING LEAR
SCENE II. The Earl of Gloucester's Castle.
Enter [Edmund the] Bastard solus, [with a letter].
Edm. Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law My services are
bound. Wherefore should I Stand in the plague of custom, and permit The
curiosity of nations to deprive me, For that I am some twelve or fourteen
moonshines Lag of a brother? Why bastard? wherefore base? When my
dimensions are as well compact, My mind as generous, and my shape as
true, As honest madam's issue? Why brand they us With base? with
baseness? bastardy? base, base? Who, in the lusty stealth of nature, take
More composition and fierce quality Than doth, within a dull, stale, tired
bed, Go to th' creating a whole tribe of fops Got 'tween asleep and wake?
Well then, Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land. Our father's love is to
the bastard Edmund As to th' legitimate. Fine word- 'legitimate'! Well, my
legitimate, if this letter speed, And my invention thrive, Edmund the base
Shall top th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper. Now, gods, stand up for
bastards!
Enter Gloucester.
Glou. Kent banish'd thus? and France in choler parted? And the King
gone to-night? subscrib'd his pow'r? Confin'd to exhibition? All this done
Upon the gad? Edmund, how now? What news? Edm. So please your
lordship, none. [Puts up the letter.] Glou. Why so earnestly seek you to put
up that letter? Edm. I know no news, my lord. Glou. What paper were you
reading? Edm. Nothing, my lord. Glou. No? What needed then that
terrible dispatch of it into your pocket? The quality of nothing hath not
such need to hide itself. Let's see. Come, if it be nothing, I shall not need
spectacles. Edm. I beseech you, sir, pardon me. It is a letter from my
brother that I have not all o'er-read; and for so much as I have perus'd, I
find it not fit for your o'erlooking. Glou. Give me the letter, sir. Edm. I
shall offend, either to detain or give it. The contents, as in part I
understand them, are to blame. Glou. Let's see, let's see! Edm. I hope, for
my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my
virtue.
Glou. (reads) 'This policy and reverence of age makes the world
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KINGLEARKINGLEARWilliamShakespeare1606KINGLEARDramatisPersonaeLear,KingofBritain.KingofFrance.DukeofBurgundy.DukeofCornwall.DukeofAlbany.EarlofKent.EarlofGloucester.Edgar,sonofGloucester.Edmund,bastardsontoGloucester.Curan,acourtier.OldMan,tenanttoGloucester.Doctor.Lear'sFool.Oswald,stewardtoGoneril...
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