THE DIVINE COMEDY(神曲)

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THE DIVINE COMEDY

DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321)

TRANSLATED BY HENRY WADSWORTH

LONGFELLOW (1807-1882)

THE DIVINE COMEDY

CREDITS

The base text for this edition has been provided by Digital Dante, a

project sponsored by Columbia University's Institute for Learning

Technologies. Specific thanks goes to Jennifer Hogan (Project

Editor/Director), Tanya Larkin (Assistant to Editor), Robert W. Cole

(Proofreader/Assistant Editor), and Jennifer Cook (Proofreader).

The Digital Dante Project is a digital 'study space' for Dante studies

and scholarship. The project is multi-faceted and fluid by nature of the

Web. Digital Dante attempts to organize the information most significant

for students first engaging with Dante and scholars researching Dante. The

digital of Digital Dante incurs a new challenge to the student, the scholar,

and teacher, perusing the Web: to become proficient in the new tools, e.g.,

Search, the Discussion Group, well enough to look beyond the technology

and delve into the content. For more information and access to the project,

please visit its web site at: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/projects/dante/

For this Project Gutenberg edition the e-text was rechecked. The editor

greatly thanks Dian McCarthy for her assistance in proofreading the

Paradiso. Also deserving praise are Herbert Fann for programming the text

editor "Desktop Tools/Edit" and the late August Dvorak for designing his

keyboard layout. Please refer to Project Gutenberg's e-text listings for

other editions or translations of 'The Divine Comedy.' For this three part

edition of 'The Divine Comedy' please refer to the end of the Paradiso for

supplemental materials.

Dennis McCarthy, July 1997 imprimatur@juno.com

THE DIVINE COMEDY

Purgatorio: Canto I

To run o'er better waters hoists its sail The little vessel of my genius

now, That leaves behind itself a sea so cruel;

And of that second kingdom will I sing Wherein the human spirit doth

purge itself, And to ascend to heaven becometh worthy.

But let dead Poesy here rise again, O holy Muses, since that I am

yours, And here Calliope somewhat ascend,

My song accompanying with that sound, Of which the miserable

magpies felt The blow so great, that they despaired of pardon.

Sweet colour of the oriental sapphire, That was upgathered in the

cloudless aspect Of the pure air, as far as the first circle,

Unto mine eyes did recommence delight Soon as I issued forth from

the dead air, Which had with sadness filled mine eyes and breast.

The beauteous planet, that to love incites, Was making all the orient to

laugh, Veiling the Fishes that were in her escort.

To the right hand I turned, and fixed my mind Upon the other pole, and

saw four stars Ne'er seen before save by the primal people.

Rejoicing in their flamelets seemed the heaven. O thou septentrional

and widowed site, Because thou art deprived of seeing these!

When from regarding them I had withdrawn, Turning a little to the

other pole, There where the Wain had disappeared already,

I saw beside me an old man alone, Worthy of so much reverence in his

look, That more owes not to father any son.

A long beard and with white hair intermingled He wore, in semblance

like unto the tresses, Of which a double list fell on his breast.

The rays of the four consecrated stars Did so adorn his countenance

with light, That him I saw as were the sun before him.

"Who are you? ye who, counter the blind river, Have fled away from

the eternal prison?" Moving those venerable plumes, he said:

"Who guided you? or who has been your lamp In issuing forth out of

the night profound, That ever black makes the infernal valley?

The laws of the abyss, are they thus broken? Or is there changed in

heaven some council new, That being damned ye come unto my crags?"

THE DIVINE COMEDY

Then did my Leader lay his grasp upon me, And with his words, and

with his hands and signs, Reverent he made in me my knees and brow;

Then answered him: "I came not of myself; A Lady from Heaven

descended, at whose prayers I aided this one with my company.

But since it is thy will more be unfolded Of our condition, how it truly

is, Mine cannot be that this should be denied thee.

This one has never his last evening seen, But by his folly was so near

to it That very little time was there to turn.

As I have said, I unto him was sent To rescue him, and other way was

none Than this to which I have myself betaken.

I've shown him all the people of perdition, And now those spirits I

intend to show Who purge themselves beneath thy guardianship.

How I have brought him would be long to tell thee. Virtue descendeth

from on high that aids me To lead him to behold thee and to hear thee.

Now may it please thee to vouchsafe his coming; He seeketh Liberty,

which is so dear, As knoweth he who life for her refuses.

Thou know'st it; since, for her, to thee not bitter Was death in Utica,

where thou didst leave The vesture, that will shine so, the great day.

By us the eternal edicts are not broken; Since this one lives, and Minos

binds not me; But of that circle I, where are the chaste

Eyes of thy Marcia, who in looks still prays thee, O holy breast, to

hold her as thine own; For her love, then, incline thyself to us.

Permit us through thy sevenfold realm to go; I will take back this grace

from thee to her, If to be mentioned there below thou deignest."

"Marcia so pleasing was unto mine eyes While I was on the other

side," then said he, "That every grace she wished of me I granted;

Now that she dwells beyond the evil river, She can no longer move me,

by that law Which, when I issued forth from there, was made.

But if a Lady of Heaven do move and rule thee, As thou dost say, no

flattery is needful; Let it suffice thee that for her thou ask me.

Go, then, and see thou gird this one about With a smooth rush, and that

thou wash his face, So that thou cleanse away all stain therefrom,

For 'twere not fitting that the eye o'ercast By any mist should go before

the first Angel, who is of those of Paradise.

THE DIVINE COMEDY

This little island round about its base Below there, yonder, where the

billow beats it, Doth rushes bear upon its washy ooze;

No other plant that putteth forth the leaf, Or that doth indurate, can

there have life, Because it yieldeth not unto the shocks.

Thereafter be not this way your return; The sun, which now is rising,

will direct you To take the mount by easier ascent."

With this he vanished; and I raised me up Without a word, and wholly

drew myself Unto my Guide, and turned mine eyes to him.

And he began: "Son, follow thou my steps; Let us turn back, for on

this side declines The plain unto its lower boundaries."

The dawn was vanquishing the matin hour Which fled before it, so that

from afar I recognised the trembling of the sea.

Along the solitary plain we went As one who unto the lost road returns,

And till he finds it seems to go in vain.

As soon as we were come to where the dew Fights with the sun, and,

being in a part Where shadow falls, little evaporates,

Both of his hands upon the grass outspread In gentle manner did my

Master place; Whence I, who of his action was aware,

Extended unto him my tearful cheeks; There did he make in me

uncovered wholly That hue which Hell had covered up in me.

Then came we down upon the desert shore Which never yet saw

navigate its waters Any that afterward had known return.

There he begirt me as the other pleased; O marvellous! for even as he

culled The humble plant, such it sprang up again

Suddenly there where he uprooted it.

THE DIVINE COMEDY

Purgatorio: Canto II

Already had the sun the horizon reached Whose circle of meridian

covers o'er Jerusalem with its most lofty point,

And night that opposite to him revolves Was issuing forth from

Ganges with the Scales That fall from out her hand when she exceedeth;

So that the white and the vermilion cheeks Of beautiful Aurora, where

I was, By too great age were changing into orange.

We still were on the border of the sea, Like people who are thinking of

their road, Who go in heart and with the body stay;

And lo! as when, upon the approach of morning, Through the gross

vapours Mars grows fiery red Down in the West upon the ocean floor,

Appeared to me--may I again behold it!-- A light along the sea so

swiftly coming, Its motion by no flight of wing is equalled;

From which when I a little had withdrawn Mine eyes, that I might

question my Conductor, Again I saw it brighter grown and larger.

Then on each side of it appeared to me I knew not what of white, and

underneath it Little by little there came forth another.

My Master yet had uttered not a word While the first whiteness into

wings unfolded; But when he clearly recognised the pilot,

He cried: "Make haste, make haste to bow the knee! Behold the Angel

of God! fold thou thy hands! Henceforward shalt thou see such officers!

See how he scorneth human arguments, So that nor oar he wants, nor

other sail Than his own wings, between so distant shores.

See how he holds them pointed up to heaven, Fanning the air with the

eternal pinions, That do not moult themselves like mortal hair!"

Then as still nearer and more near us came The Bird Divine, more

radiant he appeared, So that near by the eye could not endure him,

But down I cast it; and he came to shore With a small vessel, very

swift and light, So that the water swallowed naught thereof.

Upon the stern stood the Celestial Pilot; Beatitude seemed written in

his face, And more than a hundred spirits sat within.

"In exitu Israel de Aegypto!" They chanted all together in one voice,

With whatso in that psalm is after written.

THE DIVINE COMEDY

Then made he sign of holy rood upon them, Whereat all cast

themselves upon the shore, And he departed swiftly as he came.

The throng which still remained there unfamiliar Seemed with the

place, all round about them gazing, As one who in new matters makes

essay.

On every side was darting forth the day. The sun, who had with his

resplendent shafts From the mid-heaven chased forth the Capricorn,

When the new people lifted up their faces Towards us, saying to us: "If

ye know, Show us the way to go unto the mountain."

And answer made Virgilius: "Ye believe Perchance that we have

knowledge of this place, But we are strangers even as yourselves.

Just now we came, a little while before you, Another way, which was

so rough and steep, That mounting will henceforth seem sport to us."

The souls who had, from seeing me draw breath, Become aware that I

was still alive, Pallid in their astonishment became;

And as to messenger who bears the olive The people throng to listen to

the news, And no one shows himself afraid of crowding,

So at the sight of me stood motionless Those fortunate spirits, all of

them, as if Oblivious to go and make them fair.

One from among them saw I coming forward, As to embrace me, with

such great affection, That it incited me to do the like.

O empty shadows, save in aspect only! Three times behind it did I

clasp my hands, As oft returned with them to my own breast!

I think with wonder I depicted me; Whereat the shadow smiled and

backward drew; And I, pursuing it, pressed farther forward.

Gently it said that I should stay my steps; Then knew I who it was, and

I entreated That it would stop awhile to speak with me.

It made reply to me: "Even as I loved thee In mortal body, so I love

thee free; Therefore I stop; but wherefore goest thou?"

"My own Casella! to return once more There where I am, I make this

journey," said I; "But how from thee has so much time be taken?"

And he to me: "No outrage has been done me, If he who takes both

when and whom he pleases Has many times denied to me this passage,

For of a righteous will his own is made. He, sooth to say, for three

THE DIVINE COMEDY

months past has taken Whoever wished to enter with all peace;

Whence I, who now had turned unto that shore Where salt the waters

of the Tiber grow, Benignantly by him have been received.

Unto that outlet now his wing is pointed, Because for evermore

assemble there Those who tow'rds Acheron do not descend."

And I: "If some new law take not from thee Memory or practice of the

song of love, Which used to quiet in me all my longings,

Thee may it please to comfort therewithal Somewhat this soul of mine,

that with its body Hitherward coming is so much distressed."

"Love, that within my mind discourses with me," Forthwith began he

so melodiously, The melody within me still is sounding.

My Master, and myself, and all that people Which with him were,

appeared as satisfied As if naught else might touch the mind of any.

We all of us were moveless and attentive Unto his notes; and lo! the

grave old man, Exclaiming: "What is this, ye laggard spirits?

What negligence, what standing still is this? Run to the mountain to

strip off the slough, That lets not God be manifest to you."

Even as when, collecting grain or tares, The doves, together at their

pasture met, Quiet, nor showing their accustomed pride,

If aught appear of which they are afraid, Upon a sudden leave their

food alone, Because they are assailed by greater care;

So that fresh company did I behold The song relinquish, and go

tow'rds the hill, As one who goes, and knows not whitherward;

Nor was our own departure less in haste.

THE DIVINE COMEDY

Purgatorio: Canto III

Inasmuch as the instantaneous flight Had scattered them asunder o'er

the plain, Turned to the mountain whither reason spurs us,

I pressed me close unto my faithful comrade, And how without him

had I kept my course? Who would have led me up along the mountain?

He seemed to me within himself remorseful; O noble conscience, and

without a stain, How sharp a sting is trivial fault to thee!

After his feet had laid aside the haste Which mars the dignity of every

act, My mind, that hitherto had been restrained,

Let loose its faculties as if delighted, And I my sight directed to the hill

That highest tow'rds the heaven uplifts itself.

The sun, that in our rear was flaming red, Was broken in front of me

into the figure Which had in me the stoppage of its rays;

Unto one side I turned me, with the fear Of being left alone, when I

beheld Only in front of me the ground obscured.

"Why dost thou still mistrust?" my Comforter Began to say to me

turned wholly round; "Dost thou not think me with thee, and that I guide

thee?

'Tis evening there already where is buried The body within which I

cast a shadow; 'Tis from Brundusium ta'en, and Naples has it.

Now if in front of me no shadow fall, Marvel not at it more than at the

heavens, Because one ray impedeth not another

To suffer torments, both of cold and heat, Bodies like this that Power

provides, which wills That how it works be not unveiled to us.

Insane is he who hopeth that our reason Can traverse the illimitable

way, Which the one Substance in three Persons follows!

Mortals, remain contented at the 'Quia;' For if ye had been able to see

all, No need there were for Mary to give birth;

And ye have seen desiring without fruit, Those whose desire would

have been quieted, Which evermore is given them for a grief.

I speak of Aristotle and of Plato, And many others;"--and here bowed

his head, And more he said not, and remained disturbed.

We came meanwhile unto the mountain's foot; There so precipitate we

THE DIVINE COMEDY

found the rock, That nimble legs would there have been in vain.

'Twixt Lerici and Turbia, the most desert, The most secluded pathway

is a stair Easy and open, if compared with that.

"Who knoweth now upon which hand the hill Slopes down," my

Master said, his footsteps staying, "So that who goeth without wings may

mount?"

And while he held his eyes upon the ground Examining the nature of

the path, And I was looking up around the rock,

On the left hand appeared to me a throng Of souls, that moved their

feet in our direction, And did not seem to move, they came so slowly.

"Lift up thine eyes," I to the Master said; "Behold, on this side, who

will give us counsel, If thou of thine own self can have it not."

Then he looked at me, and with frank expression Replied: "Let us go

there, for they come slowly, And thou be steadfast in thy hope, sweet son."

Still was that people as far off from us, After a thousand steps of ours I

say, As a good thrower with his hand would reach,

When they all crowded unto the hard masses Of the high bank, and

motionless stood and close, As he stands still to look who goes in doubt.

"O happy dead! O spirits elect already!" Virgilius made beginning, "by

that peace Which I believe is waiting for you all,

Tell us upon what side the mountain slopes, So that the going up be

possible, For to lose time irks him most who most knows."

As sheep come issuing forth from out the fold By ones and twos and

threes, and the others stand Timidly, holding down their eyes and nostrils,

And what the foremost does the others do, Huddling themselves

against her, if she stop, Simple and quiet and the wherefore know not;

So moving to approach us thereupon I saw the leader of that fortunate

flock, Modest in face and dignified in gait.

As soon as those in the advance saw broken The light upon the ground

at my right side, So that from me the shadow reached the rock,

They stopped, and backward drew themselves somewhat; And all the

others, who came after them, Not knowing why nor wherefore, did the

same.

"Without your asking, I confess to you This is a human body which

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THEDIVINECOMEDY1THEDIVINECOMEDYDANTEALIGHIERI(1265-1321)TRANSLATEDBYHENRYWADSWORTHLONGFELLOW(1807-1882)THEDIVINECOMEDY2CREDITSThebasetextforthiseditionhasbeenprovidedbyDigitalDante,aprojectsponsoredbyColumbiaUniversity'sInstituteforLearningTechnologies.SpecificthanksgoestoJenniferHogan(ProjectEditor...

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