TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE(塔突弗)

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TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

TARTUFFE OR THE

HYPOCRITE

by JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN MOLIERE

Translated By Curtis Hidden Page

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

Jean Baptiste Poquelin, better known by his stage name of Moliere,

stands without a rival at the head of French comedy. Born at Paris in

January, 1622, where his father held a position in the royal household, he

was educated at the Jesuit College de Clermont, and for some time studied

law, which he soon abandoned for the stage. His life was spent in Paris

and in the provinces, acting, directing performances, managing theaters,

and writing plays. He had his share of applause from the king and from the

public; but the satire in his comedies made him many enemies, and he was

the object of the most venomous attacks and the most impossible slanders.

Nor did he find much solace at home; for he married unfortunately, and

the unhappiness that followed increased the bitterness that public hostility

had brought into his life. On February 17, 1673, while acting in "La

Malade Imaginaire," the last of his masterpieces, he was seized with

illness and died a few hours later.

The first of the greater works of Moliere was "Les Precieuses

Ridicules," produced in 1659. In this brilliant piece Moliere lifted French

comedy to a new level and gave it a new purpose--the satirizing of

contemporary manners and affectations by frank portrayal and criticism.

In the great plays that followed, "The School for Husbands" and "The

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

School for Wives," "The Misanthrope" and "The Hypocrite" (Tartuffe),

"The Miser" and "The Hypochondriac," "The Learned Ladies," "The

Doctor in Spite of Himself," "The Citizen Turned Gentleman," and many

others, he exposed mercilessly one after another the vices and foibles of

the day.

His characteristic qualities are nowhere better exhibited than in

"Tartuffe." Compared with such characterization as Shakespeare's,

Moliere's method of portraying life may seem to be lacking in complexity;

but it is precisely the simplicity with which creations like Tartuffe embody

the weakness or vice they represent that has given them their place as

universally recognized types of human nature.

CHARACTERS

MADAME PERNELLE, mother of Orgon ORGON, husband of

Elmire ELMIRE, wife of Orgon DAMIS, son of Orgon MARIANE,

daughter of Orgon, in love with Valere CLEANTE, brother-in-law of

Orgon TARTUFFE, a hypocrite DORINE, Mariane's maid M. LOYAL, a

bailiff A Police Officer FLIPOTTE, Madame Pernelle's servant

The Scene is at Paris

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

ACT I

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

SCENE I

MADAME PERNELLE and FLIPOTTE, her servant; ELMIRE,

MARIANE, CLEANTE, DAMIS, DORINE

MADAME PERNELLE Come, come, Flipotte, and let me get away.

ELMIRE You hurry so, I hardly can attend you.

MADAME PERNELLE Then don't, my daughter-in law. Stay where

you are. I can dispense with your polite attentions.

ELMIRE We're only paying what is due you, mother. Why must you

go away in such a hurry?

MADAME PERNELLE Because I can't endure your carryings-on,

And no one takes the slightest pains to please me. I leave your house, I tell

you, quite disgusted; You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no

respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect

pandemonium.

DORINE If . . .

MADAME PERNELLE You're a servant wench, my girl, and much

Too full of gab, and too impertinent And free with your advice on all

occasions. DAMIS But . . .

MADAME PERNELLE You're a fool, my boy--f, o, o, l Just spells

your name. Let grandma tell you that I've said a hundred times to my poor

son, Your father, that you'd never come to good Or give him anything but

plague and torment.

MARIANE I think . . .

MADAME PERNELLE O dearie me, his little sister! You're all

demureness, butter wouldn't melt In your mouth, one would think to look

at you. Still waters, though, they say . . . you know the proverb; And I

don't like your doings on the sly.

ELMIRE But, mother . . .

MADAME PERNELLE Daughter, by your leave, your conduct In

everything is altogether wrong; You ought to set a good example for 'em;

Their dear departed mother did much better. You are extravagant; and it

offends me, To see you always decked out like a princess. A woman who

would please her husband's eyes Alone, wants no such wealth of fineries.

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

CLEANTE But, madam, after all . . .

MADAME PERNELLE Sir, as for you, The lady's brother, I esteem

you highly, Love and respect you. But, sir, all the same, If I were in my

son's, her husband's, place, I'd urgently entreat you not to come Within our

doors. You preach a way of living That decent people cannot tolerate. I'm

rather frank with you; but that's my way-- I don't mince matters, when I

mean a thing.

DAMIS Mr. Tartuffe, your friend, is mighty lucky . . .

MADAME PERNELLE He is a holy man, and must be heeded; I can't

endure, with any show of patience, To hear a scatterbrains like you attack

him.

DAMIS What! Shall I let a bigot criticaster Come and usurp a tyrant's

power here? And shall we never dare amuse ourselves Till this fine

gentleman deigns to consent?

DORINE If we must hark to him, and heed his maxims, There's not a

thing we do but what's a crime; He censures everything, this zealous

carper.

MADAME PERNELLE And all he censures is well censured, too. He

wants to guide you on the way to heaven; My son should train you all to

love him well.

DAMIS No, madam, look you, nothing--not my father Nor anything--

can make me tolerate him. I should belie my feelings not to say so. His

actions rouse my wrath at every turn; And I foresee that there must come

of it An open rupture with this sneaking scoundrel.

DORINE Besides, 'tis downright scandalous to see This unknown

upstart master of the house-- This vagabond, who hadn't, when he came,

Shoes to his feet, or clothing worth six farthings, And who so far forgets

his place, as now To censure everything, and rule the roost!

MADAME PERNELLE Eh! Mercy sakes alive! Things would go

better If all were governed by his pious orders.

DORINE He passes for a saint in your opinion. In fact, he's nothing

but a hypocrite.

MADAME PERNELLE Just listen to her tongue!

DORINE I wouldn't trust him, Nor yet his Lawrence, without bonds

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

and surety.

MADAME PERNELLE I don't know what the servant's character May

be; but I can guarantee the master A holy man. You hate him and reject

him Because he tells home truths to all of you. 'Tis sin alone that moves

his heart to anger, And heaven's interest is his only motive.

DORINE Of course. But why, especially of late, Can he let nobody

come near the house? Is heaven offended at a civil call That he should

make so great a fuss about it? I'll tell you, if you like, just what I think;

(Pointing to Elmire) Upon my word, he's jealous of our mistress.

MADAME PERNELLE You hold your tongue, and think what you are

saying. He's not alone in censuring these visits; The turmoil that attends

your sort of people, Their carriages forever at the door, And all their noisy

footmen, flocked together, Annoy the neighbourhood, and raise a scandal.

I'd gladly think there's nothing really wrong; But it makes talk; and that's

not as it should be.

CLEANTE Eh! madam, can you hope to keep folk's tongues From

wagging? It would be a grievous thing If, for the fear of idle talk about us,

We had to sacrifice our friends. No, no; Even if we could bring ourselves

to do it, Think you that everyone would then be silenced? Against

backbiting there is no defence So let us try to live in innocence, To silly

tattle pay no heed at all, And leave the gossips free to vent their gall.

DORINE Our neighbour Daphne, and her little husband, Must be the

ones who slander us, I'm thinking. Those whose own conduct's most

ridiculous, Are always quickest to speak ill of others; They never fail to

seize at once upon The slightest hint of any love affair, And spread the

news of it with glee, and give it The character they'd have the world

believe in. By others' actions, painted in their colours, They hope to justify

their own; they think, In the false hope of some resemblance, either To

make their own intrigues seem innocent, Or else to make their neighbours

share the blame Which they are loaded with by everybody.

MADAME PERNELLE These arguments are nothing to the purpose.

Orante, we all know, lives a perfect life; Her thoughts are all of heaven;

and I have heard That she condemns the company you keep.

DORINE O admirable pattern! Virtuous dame! She lives the model of

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

austerity; But age has brought this piety upon her, And she's a prude, now

she can't help herself. As long as she could capture men's attentions She

made the most of her advantages; But, now she sees her beauty vanishing,

She wants to leave the world, that's leaving her, And in the specious veil of

haughty virtue She'd hide the weakness of her worn-out charms. That is

the way with all your old coquettes; They find it hard to see their lovers

leave 'em; And thus abandoned, their forlorn estate Can find no occupation

but a prude's. These pious dames, in their austerity, Must carp at

everything, and pardon nothing. They loudly blame their neighbours' way

of living, Not for religion's sake, but out of envy, Because they can't

endure to see another Enjoy the pleasures age has weaned them from.

MADAME PERNELLE (to Elmire) There! That's the kind of

rigmarole to please you, Daughter-in-law. One never has a chance To get a

word in edgewise, at your house, Because this lady holds the floor all day;

But none the less, I mean to have my say, too. I tell you that my son did

nothing wiser In all his life, than take this godly man Into his household;

heaven sent him here, In your great need, to make you all repent; For your

salvation, you must hearken to him; He censures nothing but deserves his

censure. These visits, these assemblies, and these balls, Are all inventions

of the evil spirit. You never hear a word of godliness At them--but idle

cackle, nonsense, flimflam. Our neighbour often comes in for a share, The

talk flies fast, and scandal fills the air; It makes a sober person's head go

round, At these assemblies, just to hear the sound Of so much gab, with

not a word to say; And as a learned man remarked one day Most aptly, 'tis

the Tower of Babylon, Where all, beyond all limit, babble on. And just to

tell you how this point came in . . .

(To Cleante) So! Now the gentlemen must snicker, must he? Go find

fools like yourself to make you laugh And don't . . .

(To Elmire) Daughter, good-bye; not one word more. As for this house,

I leave the half unsaid; But I shan't soon set foot in it again,

(Cuffing Flipotte) Come, you! What makes you dream and stand agape,

Hussy! I'll warm your ears in proper shape! March, trollop, march!

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

SCENE II CLEANTE, DORINE

CLEANTE I won't escort her down, For fear she might fall foul of

me again; The good old lady . . .

DORINE Bless us! What a pity She shouldn't hear the way you speak

of her! She'd surely tell you you're too "good" by half, And that she's not

so "old" as all that, neither!

CLEANTE How she got angry with us all for nothing! And how she

seems possessed with her Tartuffe!

DORINE Her case is nothing, though, beside her son's! To see him,

you would say he's ten times worse! His conduct in our late

unpleasantness [1] Had won him much esteem, and proved his courage In

service of his king; but now he's like A man besotted, since he's been so

taken With this Tartuffe. He calls him brother, loves him A hundred times

as much as mother, son, Daughter, and wife. He tells him all his secrets

And lets him guide his acts, and rule his conscience. He fondles and

embraces him; a sweetheart Could not, I think, be loved more tenderly; At

table he must have the seat of honour, While with delight our master sees

him eat As much as six men could; we must give up The choicest tidbits to

him; if he belches, ('tis a servant speaking) [2] Master exclaims: "God

bless you!"--Oh, he dotes Upon him! he's his universe, his hero; He's lost

in constant admiration, quotes him On all occasions, takes his trifling acts

For wonders, and his words for oracles. The fellow knows his dupe, and

makes the most on't, He fools him with a hundred masks of virtue, Gets

money from him all the time by canting, And takes upon himself to carp at

us. Even his silly coxcomb of a lackey Makes it his business to instruct us

too; He comes with rolling eyes to preach at us, And throws away our

ribbons, rouge, and patches. The wretch, the other day, tore up a kerchief

That he had found, pressed in the /Golden Legend/, Calling it a horrid

crime for us to mingle The devil's finery with holy things.

[Footnote 1: Referring to the rebellion called La Fronde, during the

minority of Louis XIV.]

[Footnote 2: Moliere's note, inserted in the text of all the old editions.

It is a curious illustration of the desire for uniformity and dignity of style

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

in dramatic verse of the seventeenth century, that Moliere feels called on

to apologize for a touch of realism like this. Indeed, these lines were even

omitted when the play was given.]

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

SCENE III ELMIRE, MARIANE, DAMIS,

CLEANTE, DORINE

ELMIRE (to Cleante) You're very lucky to have missed the speech

She gave us at the door. I see my husband Is home again. He hasn't seen

me yet, So I'll go up and wait till he comes in.

CLEANTE And I, to save time, will await him here; I'll merely say

good-morning, and be gone.

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TARTUFFEORTHEHYPOCRITE1TARTUFFEORTHEHYPOCRITEbyJEANBAPTISTEPOQUELINMOLIERETranslatedByCurtisHiddenPageINTRODUCTORYNOTEJeanBaptistePoquelin,betterknownbyhisstagenameofMoliere,standswithoutarivalattheheadofFrenchcomedy.BornatParisinJanuary,1622,wherehisfatherheldapositionintheroyalhousehold,hewaseduca...

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