Botany - (ebook) - IPM Series Birch Trees

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Educating People To Help Themselves

Home & Garden Mimeo # HG58 (8/00)

IPM Series: Birch Trees

Local Governments - U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating

The University of Maryland is equal opportunity. The University’s policies, programs, and activities are in conformance with pertinent Federal and State laws and regulations on nondiscrimination regarding

race, color, religion, age, national origin, sex, and disability. Inquiries regarding compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended: Title IX of the Educational Amendments; Section 504

of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; and the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990; or related legal requirements should be directed to the Director of Personnel/Human Relations, Office of the Dean, College

of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Symons Hall, College Park, MD 20742.

Symptoms Possible Causes Notes

Leaf Yellowing Bronze Birch Borer Late summer, leaves near the top

Witch Hazel Gall Aphids Small yellowish insects on underside of leaf

Leaf spots, Blotches, Anthracnose Various spots and blotching

Leaf Rust Orange-yellow pustules on lower leaf surface

Cankers Girdling cankers

Wilting Drought Dry sites, newly transplanted trees

Branch dieback Bronze birch borer Branches near top of tree

Root damage

Dieback & Canker Diseases, Forks of branches, upper branch dieback, trunk cankers

Wood Decay Fungi

Leaves Eaten Dusky Birch Sawfly Sawflies eat from margins

Leaf Blotches Birch Leafminer Blotch mines scattered over leaf

Leaf Distortion Witch Hazel Gall Aphid Leaves develop corrugations or pockets

Leaf Blister Reddish or yellow-green blisters

Leaf Drop Witch Hazel Gall Aphid Leaves fall prematurely

Bronze Birch Borer

Transplant Shock

Leaf Spots & Anthracnose

Drought or Improper Watering

Common Cultural and Site Problems of Birches

Most people associate birches in the landscape with the look of

the European white birch. However, the variety of birch best

suited to Marylands climate is the river birch, Betula nigra.

The best cultivar of river birch for the landscape is Heritage

which has a similar growth habit to white birch, but has exfoli-

ating bark in colors ranging from beige to salmon. Heritage

birch is more tolerant of heat and drought than white birch and

is also more resistant to insects and diseases. Birches need fairly

moist soil to thrive which makes them poor choices for dry

sites. Their shallow root system, combined with their need for

water and fertilizer, makes it difficult to grow turf within their

dripline. Since birches are susceptible to sucking insects that

secrete honeydew, they should not be located over patios or

parking areas. When transplanting birches, the older leaves near

the interior part of the tree may turn yellow and fall within a

week or two of planting. For best success birches should be

transplanted in the spring. To avoid unsightly bleeding sap, prun-

ing should be delayed until leaves emerge in the spring. Pruning

should be completed before mid-summer or done in early fall

after trees shed their leaves. Birches in general are not long-

lived trees and older trees are more susceptible to wood boring

insects.

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1EducatingPeopleToHelpThemselvesHome&GardenMimeo#HG58(8/00)IPMSeries:BirchTreesLocalGovernments-U.S.DepartmentofAgricultureCooperatingTheUniversityofMarylandisequalopportunity.TheUniversityspolicies,programs,andactivitiesareinconformancewithpertinentFederalandStatelawsandregulationsonnondiscriminat...

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