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Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days

Second Edition

Preface to Second Edition

About the Author

Overview

Introduction

1. Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols

2. TCP/IP and the Internet

3. The Internet Protocol (IP)

4. TCP and UDP

5. Gateway and Routing Protocols

6. Telnet and FTP

7. TCP/IP Configuration and Administration Basics

8. TCP/IP and Networks

9. Setting Up a Sample TCP/IP Network: Servers

10. Setting Up a Sample TCP/IP Network: DOS and Windows Clients

11. Domain Name Service

12. Network File System and Network Information Service

13. Managing and Troubleshooting TCP/IP

14. The Socket Programming Interface

Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations

Appendix B: Glossary

Appendix C: Commands

Appendix D: Well-Known Port Numbers

Appendix E: RFCs

Appendix F: Answers to Quizzes

This document was produced using a BETA version of HTML Transit 2

Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days, Second

Edition

The second edition of Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days expands on the very popular first

edition, bringing the information up-to-date and adding new topics to complete the

coverage of TCP/IP. The book has been reorganized to make reading and learning easier,

as well as to provide a more logical approach to the subject.

New material in this edition deals with installing, configuring, and testing a TCP/IP

network of servers and clients. You will see how to easily set up UNIX, Linux, and

Windows NT servers for all popular TCP/IP services, including Telnet, FTP, DNS, NIS,

and NFS. On the client side, you will see how to set up DOS, Windows, Windows 95, and

WinSock to interact with a server. Examples and tips throughout these sections make

the process easy and clear.

Also added in this edition of Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days are new sections on DNS,

NFS, and NIS. These network services have become popular with the growth of large

TCP/IP networks, so we show you how to configure and use them all. A new section on

the latest version of IP updates the treatment of the base protocols to 1996 standards.

Tim Parker

Mail:

Dean Miller

Comments Department

Sams Publishing

201 W. 103rd Street

Indianapolis, IN 46290

■ Topics Covered in Detail in this Edition

■ The TCP/IP Protocol Family

■ Transport

■ Routing

■ Network Addresses

■ User Services

■ Gateway Protocols

■ Others

Topics Covered in Detail in this Edition

● Standards and terminology

● Network architecture

● History of TCP/IP and the Internet

● IPng (IP version 6)

● Telnet and FTP

● Configuring servers and clients

Introduction

So you've just been told you are on a TCP/IP network, you are the new TCP/IP system

administrator, or you have to install a TCP/IP system. But you don't know very much

about TCP/IP. That's where this book comes in. You don't need any programming skills,

and familiarity with operating systems is assumed. Even if you've never touched a

computer before, you should be able to follow the material.

This book is intended for beginning through intermediate users and covers all the

protocols involved in TCP/IP. Each protocol is examined in a fair level of detail to show

how it works and how it interacts with the other protocols in the TCP/IP family. Along

the way, this book shows you the basic tools required to install, configure, and maintain

a TCP/IP network. It also shows you most of the user utilities that are available.

Because of the complex nature of TCP/IP and the lack of a friendly user interface,

there is a lot of information to look at. Throughout the book, the role of each protocol

is shown separately, as is the way it works on networks of all sizes. The relationship

with large internetworks (like the Internet) is also covered.

Each chapter in the book adds to the complexity of the system, building on the material

in the earlier chapters. Although some chapters seem to be unrelated to TCP/IP at first

glance, all the material is involved in an integral manner with the TCP/IP protocol

family. The last few chapters cover the installation and troubleshooting of a network.

By the time you finish this book, you will understand the different components of a

TCP/IP system, as well as the complex acronym-heavy jargon used. Following the

examples presented, you should be able to install and configure a complete TCP/IP

network for any operating system and hardware platform.

The TCP/IP Protocol Family

Transport

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): connection-based services

User Datagram Protocol (UDP): connectionless services

Routing

Internet Protocol (IP): handles transmission of information

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): handles status messages for IP

Routing Information Protocol (RIP): determines routing

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): alternate protocol for

determining routing

Network Addresses

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): determines addresses

Domain Name System (DNS): determines addresses from machine names

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP): - determines

addresses

User Services

Boot Protocol (BOOTP): starts up a network machine

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): transfers files

Telnet: allows remote logins

Gateway Protocols

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP): transfers routing information for

external networks

Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP): transfers routing information

between gateways

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP): transfers routing information

for internal networks

Others

Network File System (NFS): enables directories on one machine to be

mounted on another

Network Information Service (NIS): maintains user accounts across

networks

Remote Procedure Call (RPC): enables remote applications to communicate

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): transfers electronic mail

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): sends status

messages about the network

■ The TCP/IP Protocol Family

The TCP/IP Protocol Family

Transport

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Connection-based services (Day 4)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Connectionless services (Day 4)

Routing

IP (Internet Protocol) Handles transmission of information (Day 3)

ICMP (Internet Control Message

Protocol) Handles status messages for IP (Day 3)

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Determines routing (Day 5)

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Alternate protocol for determining routing

(Day 5)

Network Addresses

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Determines addresses (Day 2)

DNS (Domain Name System) Determines addresses from machine names

(Day 2 and Day 11)

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution

Protocol) Determines addresses (Day 2)

User Services

BOOTP (Boot Protocol) Starts up a network machine (Day 11)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Transfers files (Day 6)

Telnet Enables remote logins (Day 6)

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) Enables remote file transfers (Day 6)

Gateway Protocols

EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) Transfers routing information for external

networks (Day 3 and Day 5)

GGP (Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol) Transfers routing information between

gateways (Day 3 and Day 5)

IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) Transfers routing information for internal

networks (Day 5)

Others

NFS (Network File System) Enables directories on one machine to be

mounted on another (Day 12)

NIS (Network Information Service) Maintains user accounts across networks

(Day 12)

NTP (Network Time Protocol) Synchronizes clocks (Day 11)

PING (Packet Internet Groper) Checks connectivity (Day 7)

RPC (Remote Procedure Call) Enables remote applications to communicate

(Day 12)

SNMP (Simple Network Management

Protocol) Sends status messages about the network

(Day 13)

■ Open Systems

■ What Is an Open System?

■ Network Architectures

■ Local Area Networks

■ The Bus Network

■ The Ring Network

■ The Hub Network

■ Wide Area Networks

■ Layers

■ The Application Layer

■ The Presentation Layer

■ The Session Layer

■ The Transport Layer

■ The Network Layer

■ The Data Link Layer

■ The Physical Layer

■ Terminology and Notations

■ Packets

■ Subsystems

■ Entities

■ N Notation

■ N-Functions

■ N-Facilities

■ Services

■ Making Sense of the Jargon

■ Queues and Connections

■ Standards

■ Setting Standards

■ Internet Standards

■ Protocols

■ Breaking Data Apart

■ Protocol Headers

■ Summary

■ Q&A

■ Quiz

— 1 —

Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols

Today I start looking at the subject of TCP/IP by covering some background information

you will need to put TCP/IP in perspective, and to understand why the TCP/IP protocols

were designed the way they are. This chapter covers some important information,

including the following:

● What an open system is

● How an open system handles networking

● Why standards are required

● How standards for protocols like TCP/IP are developed

● What a protocol is

● The OSI protocols

You might be eager to get started with the nitty-gritty of the TCP/IP protocols, or to

find out how to use the better-known services like FTP and Telnet. If you have a specific

requirement to satisfy (such as how to transfer a file from one system to another), by

all means use the Table of Contents to find the section you want. But if you want to

really understand TCP/IP, you will need to wade through the material in this chapter.

It's not complicated, although there are quite a few subjects to be covered. Luckily,

none of it requires memorization; more often than not it is a matter of setting the stage

for something else I discuss in the next week or so. So don't get too overwhelmed by this

chapter!

Open Systems

This is a book about a family of protocols called TCP/IP, so why bother looking at open

systems and standards at all? Primarily because TCP/IP grew out of the need to develop

a standardized communications procedure that would inevitably be used on a variety of

platforms. The need for a standard, and one that was readily available to anyone

(hence open), was vitally important to TCP/IP's success. Therefore, a little background

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摘要：

TeachYourselfTCP/IPin14DaysSecondEditionPrefacetoSecondEditionAbouttheAuthorOverviewIntroduction1.OpenSystems,Standards,andProtocols2.TCP/IPandtheInternet3.TheInternetProtocol(IP)4.TCPandUDP5.GatewayandRoutingProtocols6.TelnetandFTP7.TCP/IPConfigurationandAdministrationBasics8.TCP/IPandNetworks9.Set...

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