Prelude to Foundation - Isaac Asimov

VIP免费
2024-12-03 0 0 718.95KB 249 页 5.9玖币
侵权投诉
Prelude
to
Foundation
by Isaac Asimov
Author’s Note
When I wrote “Foundation, “ which appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding
Science Faction, I had no idea that I had begun a series of stories that would eventually
grow into six volumes and a total of 650, 000 words (so far). Nor did I have any idea that
it would be unified with my series of short stories and novels involving robots and my
novels involving the Galactic Empire for a grand total (so far) of fourteen volumes and a
total of about 1, 450, 000 words.
You will see, if you study the publication dates of these books, that there was a
twenty-five-year hiatus between 1957 and 1982, during which I did not add to this series.
This was not because I had stopped writing. Indeed, I wrote full-speed throughout the
quarter century, but I wrote other things. That I returned to the series in 1982 was not my
own notion but was the result of a combination of pressures from readers and publishers
that eventually became overwhelming.
In any case, the situation has become sufficiently complicated for me to feel that
the readers might welcome a kind of guide to the series, since they were not written in the
order in which (perhaps) they should be read.
The fourteen books, all published by Doubleday, offer a kind of history of the
future, which is, perhaps, not completely consistent, since I did not plan consistency to
begin with. The chronological order of the books, in terms of future history (and not of
publication date), is as follows:
1. The Complete Robot (1982). This is a collection of thirty-one robot short stories
published between 1940 and 1976 and includes every story in my earlier collection 1.
Robot (1950). Only one robot short story has been written since this collection appeared.
That is “Robot Dreams, “ which has not yet appeared in any Doubleday collection.
2. The Caves of Steel (1954). This is the first of my robot novels.
3. The Naked Sun (1957). The second robot novel.
4. The Robots of Dawn (1983 ). The third robot novel.
5. Robots and Empire (1985). The fourth robot novel.
6. The Currents of Space (1952). This is the first of my Empire novels.
7. The Stars, Like Dust (1951). The second Empire novel.
8. Pebble in the Sky (1950). The third Empire novel.
9. Prelude to Foundation (1988). This is the first Foundation novel (although it is the
latest written, so far).
10. Foundation (1951). The second Foundation novel. Actually, it is a collection of four
stories, originally published between 1942 and 1944, plus an introductory section written
for the book in 1949.
11. foundation and Empire (1952). The third Foundation novel, made up of two stories,
originally published in 1945.
12. Second foundation (1953). The fourth Foundation novel, made up of two stories,
originally published in 1948 and 1949.
13. Foundations Edge (1982). The fifth Foundation novel.
14. Foundation and Earth (1983). The sixth Foundation novel.
Will I add additional books to the series? I might. There is room for a book
between Robots and Empire (5) and The Currents of Space (6) and between Prelude to
Foundation (9) and Foundation (10) and of course between others as well. And then I can
follow Foundation and Earth (14) with additional volumes -- as many as I like.
Naturally, there’s got to be some limit, for I don’t expect to live forever, but I do
intend to hang on as long as possible.
Mathematician
CLEON I -- . . . The last Galactic Emperor of the Entun dynasty. He was born in
the year 11, 988 of the Galactic Era, the same year in which Hari Seldon was born. (It is
thought that Seldon’s birthdate, which some consider doubtful, may have been adjusted
to match that of Cleon, whom Seldon, soon after his arrival on Trantor, is supposed to
have encountered.)
Having succeeded to the Imperial throne in 12, 010 at the age of twenty-two,
Cleon I’s reign represented a curious interval of quiet in those troubled times. This is
undoubtedly due to the skills of his Chief of Staff, Eto Demerzel, who so carefully
obscured himself from public record that little is known about him.
Cleon himself . . . ENCYLOPEDIA GALACTICA
(All quotations from the Encyclopedia Galactica here reproduced are taken from
the 116th Edition, published 1, 020 FE by the Encyclopedia Galactica Publishing Co.,
Terminus, with permission of the publishers.)
1.
Suppressing a small yawn, Cleon said, “Demerzel, have you by any chance ever
heard of a man named Hari Seldon?”
Cleon had been Emperor for just over ten years and there were times at state
occasions when, dressed in the necessary robes and regalia, he could manage to look
stately. He did so, for instance, in the holograph of himself that stood in the niche in the
wall behind him. It was placed so that it clearly dominated the other niches holding the
holographs of several of his ancestors.
The holograph was not a totally honest one, for though Cleon’s hair was light
brown in hologram and reality alike, it was a bit thicker in the holograph. There was a
certain asymmetry to his real face, for the left side of his upper lip raised itself a bit
higher than the right side, and this was somehow not evident in the holograph. And if he
had stood up and placed himself beside the holograph, he would have been seen to be 2
centimeters under the 1.83-meter height that the image portrayed -- and perhaps a bit
stouter.
Of course, the holograph was the official coronation portrait and he had been
younger then. He still looked young and rather handsome, too, and when he was not in
the pitiless grip of official ceremony, there was a kind of vague good nature about his
face.
Demerzel said, with the tone of respect that he carefully cultivated, “Hari Seldon?
It is an unfamiliar name to me, Sire. Ought I to know of him?”
“The Minister of Science mentioned him to me last night. I thought you might.”
Demerzel frowned slightly, but only very slightly, for one does not frown in the
Imperial presence. “The Minister of Science, Sire, should have spoken of this man to me
as Chief of Staff. If you are to be bombarded from every side--”
Cleon raised his hand and Demerzel stopped at once. “Please, Demerzel, one
can’t stand on formality at all times. When I passed the Minister at last night’s reception
and exchanged a few words with him, he bubbled over. I could not refuse to listen and I
was glad I had, for it was interesting.”
“In what way interesting, Sire?”
“Well, these are not the old days when science and mathematics were all the rage.
That sort of thing seems to have died down somehow, perhaps because all the discoveries
have been made, don’t you think? Apparently, however, interesting things can still
happen. At least I was told it was interesting.”
“By the Minister of Science, Sire?”
“Yes. He said that this Hari Seldon had attended a convention of mathematicians
held here in Trantor -- they do this every ten years, for some reason -- and he said that he
had proved that one could foretell the future mathematically.”
Demerzel permitted himself a small smile. “Either the Minister of Science, a man
of little acumen, is mistaken or the mathematician is. Surely, the matter of foretelling the
future is a children’s dream of magic.”
“Is it, Demerzel? People believe in such things.”
“People believe in many things, Sire.”
“But they believe in such things. Therefore, .it doesn’t matter whether the forecast
of the future is true or not. If a mathematician should predict a long and happy reign for
me, a time of peace and prosperity for the Empire -- Eh, would that not be well?”
“It would be pleasant to hear, certainly, but what would it accomplish, Sire?”
“But surely if people believe this, they would act on that belief. Many a prophecy,
by the mere force of its being believed, is transmuted to fact. These are ‘self-fulfilling
prophecies.’ Indeed, now that I think of it, it was you who once explained this to me.”
Demerzel said, “I believe I did, Sire.” His eyes were watching the Emperor
carefully, as though to see how far he might go on his own. “Still, if that be so, one could
have any person make the prophecy. “
“Not all persons would be equally believed, Demerzel. A mathematician,
however, who could back his prophecy with mathematical formulas and terminology,
might be understood by no one and yet believed by everyone.”
Demerzel said, “As usual, Sire, you make good sense. We live in troubled times
and it would be worthwhile to calm them in a way that would require neither money nor
military effort--which, in recent history, have done little good and much harm.”
“Exactly, Demerzel, “ said the Emperor with excitement. “Reel in this Hari
Seldon. You tell me you have your strings stretching to every part of this turbulent world,
even where my forces dare not go. Pull on one of those strings, then, and bring in this
mathematician. Let me see him.”
“I will do so, Sire, “ said Demerzel, who had already located Seldon and who
made a mental note to commend the Minister of Science for a job well done.
2.
Hari Seldon did not make an impressive appearance at this time. Like the
Emperor Cleon I, he was thirty-two years old, but he was only 1.73 meters tall. His face
was smooth and cheerful, his hair dark brown, almost black, and his clothing had the
unmistakable touch of provinciality about it.
To anyone in later times who knew of Hari Seldon only as a legendary demigod,
it would seem almost sacrilegious for him not to have white hair, not to have an old lined
face, a quiet smile radiating wisdom, not to be seated in a wheelchair. Even then, in
advanced old age, his eyes had been cheerful, however. There was that.
And his eyes were particularly cheerful now, for his paper had been given at the
Decennial Convention. It had even aroused some interest in a distant sort of way and old
Osterfith had nodded his head at him and had said, “Ingenious, young man. Most
ingenious.” Which, coming from Osterfith, was satisfactory. Most satisfactory.
But now there was a new--and quite unexpected--development and Seldon wasn’t
sure whether it should increase his cheer and intensify his satisfaction or not.
He stared at the tall young man in uniform--the Spaceship-and-Sun neatly placed
on the left side of his tunic.
“Lieutenant Alban Wellis, “ said the officer of the Emperor’s Guard before
putting away his identification. “Will you come with me now, sir?”
Wellis was armed, of course. There were two other Guardsmen waiting outside
his door. Seldon knew he had no choice, for all the other’s careful politeness, but there
was no reason he could not seek information. He said, “To see the Emperor?”
“To be brought to the Palace, sir. That’s the extent of my instructions. “
“But why?”
“I was not told why, sir. And I have my strict instructions that you must come
with me--one way or another.”
“But this seems as though I am being arrested. I have done nothing to warrant
that.”
“Say, rather, that it seems you are being given an escort of honor--if you delay me
no further.”
Seldon delayed no further. He pressed his lips together, as though to block of
further questions, nodded his head, and stepped forward. Even if he was going to meet
the Emperor and to receive Imperial commendation, he found no joy in it. He was for the
Empire--that is, for the worlds of humanity in peace and union but he was not for the
Emperor.
The lieutenant walked ahead, the other two behind. Seldon smiled at those he
passed and managed to look unconcerned. Outside the hotel they climbed into an official
ground-car. (Seldon ran his hand over the upholstery; he had never been in anything so
ornate. )
They were in one of the wealthiest sections of Trantor. The dome was high
enough here to give a sensation of being in the open and one could swear--even one such
as Hari Seldon, who had been born and brought up on an open world--that they were in
sunlight. You could see no sun and no shadows, but the air was light and fragrant.
And then it passed and the dome curved down and the walls narrowed in and soon
they were moving along an enclosed tunnel, marked periodically with the Spaceship-and-
Sun and so clearly reserved (Seldon thought) for official vehicles.
A door opened and the ground-car sped through. When the door closed behind
them, they were in the open--the true, the real open. There were 250 square kilometers of
the only stretch of open land on Trantor and on it stood the Imperial Palace. Seldon
would have liked a chance to wander through that open land--not because of the Palace,
but because it also contained the Galactic University and, most intriguing of all, the
Galactic Library.
And yet, in passing from the enclosed world of Trantor into the open patch of
wood and parkland, he had passed into a world in which clouds dimmed the sky and a
chill wind rued his shirt. He pressed the contact that closed the ground-car’s window.
It was a dismal day outside.
3.
Seldon was not at all sure he would meet the Emperor. At best, he would meet
some official in the fourth or fifth echelon who would claim to speak for the Emperor.
How many people ever did see the Emperor? In person, rather than on holovision?
How many people saw the real, tangible Emperor, an Emperor who never left the
Imperial grounds that he, Seldon, was now rolling over.
The number was vanishingly small. Twentyfive million inhabited worlds, each
with its cargo of a billion human beings or more--and among all those quadrillions of
human beings, how many had, or would ever, lay eyes on the living Emperor. A
thousand?
And did anyone care? The Emperor was no more than a symbol of Empire, like
the Spaceship-and-Sun but far less pervasive, far less real. It was his soldiers and his
officials, crawling everywhere, that now represented an Empire that had become a dead
weight upon its people--not the Emperor.
So it was that when Seldon was ushered into a moderately sized, lavishly
furnished room and found a young-looking man sitting on the edge of a table in a
windowed alcove, one foot on the ground and one swinging over the edge, he found
himself wondering that any official should be looking at him in so blandly good-natured a
way. He had already experienced the fact, over and over, that government officials--and
particularly those in the Imperial service looked grave at all times, as though bearing the
weight of the entire Galaxy on their shoulders. And it seemed the lower in importance
they were, the graver and more threatening their expression.
This, then, might be an official so high in the scale, with the sun of power so
bright upon him, that he felt no need of countering it with clouds of frowning.
Seldon wasn’t sure how impressed he ought to be, but he felt that it would be best
to remain silent and let the other speak first.
The official said, “You are Hari Seldon, I believe. The mathematician. “
Seldon responded with a minimal “Yes, sir, “ and waited again.
The young man waved an arm. “It should be ‘Sire, ‘ but I hate ceremony. It’s all I
get and I weary of it. We are alone, so I will pamper myself and eschew ceremony. Sit
down, professor.”
Halfway through the speech, Seldon realized that he was speaking to the Emperor
Cleon, First of that Name, and he felt the wind go out of him. There was a faint
resemblance (now that he looked) to the official holograph that appeared constantly in the
news, but in that holograph, Cleon was always dressed imposingly, seemed taller, nobler,
frozen-faced.
And here he was, the original of the holograph, and somehow he appeared to be
quite ordinary.
Seldon did not budge.
The Emperor frowned slightly and, with the habit of command present even in the
attempt to abolish it, at least temporarily, said peremptorily, “I said, ‘Sit down, ‘ man.
That chair. Quickly.”
Seldon sat down, quite speechless. He could not even bring himself to say, “Yes,
Sire.”
Cleon smiled. “That’s better. Now we can talk like two fellow human beings,
which, after all, is what we are once ceremony is removed. Eh, my man?”
Seldon said cautiously, “If Your Imperial Majesty is content to say so, then it is
so.”
“Oh, come, why are you so cautious? I want to talk to you on equal terms. It is my
pleasure to do so. Humor me.”
“Yes, Sire.”
“A simple ‘Yes, ‘ man. Is there no way I can reach you?”
Cleon stared at Seldon and Seldon thought it was a lively and interested stare.
Finally the Emperor said, “You don’t look like a mathematician.”
At last, Seldon found himself able to smile. “I don’t know what a mathematician
is suppose to look like, Your Imp--”
Cleon raised a cautioning hand and Seldon choked off the honorific.
Cleon said, “White-haired, I suppose. Bearded, perhaps. Old, certainly.”
“Yet even mathematicians must be young to begin with.”
“But they are then without reputation. By the time they obtrude themselves on the
notice of the Galaxy, they are as I have described.”
“I am without reputation, I’m afraid.”
“Yet you spoke at this convention they held here.”
“A great many of us did. Some were younger than myself. Few of us were granted
any attention whatever.”
“Your talk apparently attracted the attention of some of my officials. I am given
to understand that you believe it possible to predict the future.”
Seldon suddenly felt weary. It seemed as though this misinterpretation of his
theory was constantly going to occur. Perhaps he should not have presented his paper.
He said, “Not quite, actually. What I have done is much more limited than that. In
many systems, the situation is such that under some conditions chaotic events take place.
That means that, given a particular starting point, it is impossible to predict outcomes.
This is true even in some quite simple systems, but the more complex a system, the more
likely it is to become chaotic. It has always been assumed that anything as complicated as
human society would quickly become chaotic and, therefore, unpredictable. What I have
done, however, is to show that, in studying human society, it is possible to choose a
starting point and to make appropriate assumptions that will suppress the chaos. That will
make it possible to predict the future, not in full detail, of course, but in broad sweeps;
not with certainty, but with calculable probabilities.”
The Emperor, who had listened carefully, said, “But doesn’t that mean that you
have shown how to predict the future?”
“Again, not quite. I have showed that it is theoretically possible, but no more. To
do more, we would actually have to choose a correct starting point, make correct
assumptions, and then find ways of carrying through calculations in a finite time. Nothing
in my mathematical argument tells us how to do any of this. And even if we could do it
all, we would, at best, only assess probabilities. That is not the same as predicting the
future; it is merely a guess at what is likely to happen. Every successful politician,
businessman, or human being of any calling must make these estimates of the future and
do it fairly well or he or she would not be successful.”
“They do it without mathematics.”
“True. They do it by intuition.”
“With the proper mathematics, anyone would be able to assess the probabilities. It
wouldn’t take the rare human being who is successful because of a remarkable intuitive
sense.”
“True again, but I have merely shown that mathematical analysis is possible; I
have not shown it to be practical.”
“How can something be possible, yet not practical?”
“It is theoretically possible for me to visit each world of the Galaxy and greet
each person on each world. However, it would take far longer to do this than I have years
to live and, even if I was immortal, the rate at which new human beings are being born is
greater than the rate at which I could interview the old and, even more to the point, old
human beings would die in great numbers before I could ever get to them.”
“And is this sort of thing true of your mathematics of the future?”
Seldon hesitated, then went on. “It might be that the mathematics would take too
long to work out, even if one had a computer the size of the Universe working at
hyperspatial velocities. By the time any answer had been received, enough years would
have elapsed to alter the situation so grossly as to make the answer meaningless.”
“Why cannot the process be simplified?” Cleon asked sharply.
“Your Imperial Majesty--” Seldon felt the Emperor growing more formal as the
answers grew less to his liking and responded with greater formality of his own “consider
the manner in which scientists have dealt with subatomic particles. There are enormous
numbers of these, each moving or vibrating in random and unpredictable manner, but this
chaos turns out to have an underlying order, so that we can work out a quantum
mechanics that answers all the questions we know how to ask. In studying society, we
place human beings in the place of subatomic particles, but now there is the added factor
of the human mind. Particles move mindlessly; human beings do not. To take into
account the various attitudes and impulses of mind adds so much complexity that there
lacks time to take care of all of it.”
“Could not mind, as well as mindless motion, have an underlying order?”
“Perhaps. My mathematical analysis implies that order must underlie everything,
however disorderly it may appear to be, but it does not give any hint as to how this
underlying order may be found. Consider Twenty-five million worlds, each with its
overall characteristics and culture, each being significantly different from all the rest,
each containing a billion or more human beings who each have an individual mind, and
all the worlds interacting in innumerable ways and combinations! However theoretically
possible a psychohistorical analysis may be, it is not likely that it can be done in any
practical sense.”
“What do you mean ‘psychohistorical’?”
“I refer to the theoretical assessment of probabilities concerning the future as
‘psychohistory.’ “
The Emperor rose to his feet suddenly, strode to the other end of the room, turned,
strode back, and stopped before the still-sitting Seldon.
“Stand up!” he commanded.
Seldon rose and looked up at the somewhat taller Emperor. He strove to keep his
gaze steady.
Cleon finally said, “This psychohistory of yours . . . if it could be made practical,
it would be of great use, would it not?”
“Of enormous use, obviously. To know what the future holds, in even the most
general and probabilistic way, would serve as a new and marvelous guide for our actions,
one that humanity has never before had. But, of course--” He paused.
“Well?” said Cleon impatiently.
“Well, it would seem that, except for a few decision-makers, the results of
psychohistorical analysis would have to remain unknown to the public.”
“Unknown!” exclaimed Cleon with surprise.
“It’s clear. Let me try to explain. If a psychohistorical analysis is made and the
results are then given to the public, the various emotions and reactions of humanity
would at once be distorted. The psychohistorical analysis, based on emotions and
reactions that take place without knowledge of the future, become meaningless. Do you
understand?”
The Emperor’s eyes brightened and he laughed aloud. “Wonderful!”
He clapped his hand on Seldon’s shoulder and Seldon staggered slightly under the
blow.
“Don’t you see, man?” said Cleon. “Don’t you see? There’s your use. You don’t
need to predict the future. Just choose a future--a good future, a useful future--and make
the kind of prediction that will alter human emotions and reactions in such a way that the
future you predicted will be brought about. Better to make a good future than predict a
bad one.”
Seldon frowned. “I see what you mean, Sire, but that is equally impossible.”
“Impossible?”
“Well, at any rate, impractical. Don’t you see? If you can’t start with human
emotions and reactions and predict the future they will bring about, you can’t do the
reverse either. You can’t start with a future and predict the human emotions and reactions
that will bring it about.”
Cleon looked frustrated. His lips tightened. “And your paper, then? . . . Is that
what you call it, a paper? . . . Of what use is it?”
“It was merely a mathematical demonstration. It made a point of interest to
mathematicians, but there was no thought in my mind of its being useful in any way.”
“I find that disgusting, “ said Cleon angrily.
Seldon shrugged slightly. More than ever, he knew he should never have given
the paper. What would become of him if the Emperor took it into his head that he had
been made to play the fool?
And indeed, Cleon did not look as though he was very far from believing that.
“Nevertheless, “ he said, “what if you were to make predictions of the future,
mathematically justified or not; predictions that government officials, human beings
whose expertise it is to know what the public is likely to do, will judge to be the kind that
will bring about useful reactions?”
“Why would you need me to do that? The government officials could make those
predictions themselves and spare the middleman.”
“The government officials could not do so as effectively. Government officials do
make statements of the sort now and then. They are not necessarily believed.”
“Why would I be?”
“You are a mathematician. You would have calculated the future, not . . . not
intuited it--if that is a word.”
“But I would not have done so.”
“Who would know that?” Cleon watched him out of narrowed eyes.
There was a pause. Seldon felt trapped. If given a direct order by the Emperor,
would it be safe to refuse? If he refused, he might be imprisoned or executed. Not without
trial, of course, but it is only with great difficulty that a trial can be made to go against the
wishes of a heavy-handed officialdom, particularly one under the command of the
Emperor of the vast Galactic Empire.
He said finally, “It wouldn’t work.”
“Why not?”
“If I were asked to predict vague generalities that could not possibly come to pass
until long after this generation and, perhaps, the next were dead, we might get away with
it, but, on the other hand, the public would pay little attention. They would not care about
a glowing eventuality a century or two in the future.
“To attain results, “ Seldon went on, “I would have to predict matters of sharper
consequence, more immediate eventualities. Only to these would the public respond.
Sooner or later, though and probably sooner one of the eventualities would not come to
pass and my usefulness would be ended at once. With that, your popularity might be
gone, too, and, worst of all, there would be no further support for the development of
psychohistory so that there would be no chance for any good to come of it if future
improvements in mathematical insights help to make it move closer to the realm of
practicality.”
Cleon threw himself into a chair and frowned at Seldon. “Is that all you
mathematicians can do? Insist on impossibilities?”
Seldon said with desperate softness, “It is you, Sire, who insist on
impossibilities.”
“Let me test you, man. Suppose I asked you to use your mathematics to tell me
whether I would some day be assassinated? What would you say?”
“My mathematical system would not give an answer to so specific a question,
even if psychohistory worked at its best. All the quantum mechanics in the world cannot
make it possible to predict the behavior of one lone electron, only the average behavior of
many.”
“You know your mathematics better than I do. Make an educated guess based on
it. Will I someday be assassinated?”
Seldon said softly, “You lay a trap for me, Sire. Either tell me what answer you
wish and I will give it to you or else give me free right to make what answer I wish
without punishment.”
“Speak as you will.”
“Your word of honor?”
“Do you want it an writing?” Cleon was sarcastic.
“Your spoken word of honor will be sufficient, “ said Seldon, his heart sinking,
for he was not certain it would be.
“You have my word of honor.”
“Then I can tell you that in the past four centuries nearly half the Emperors have
been assassinated, from which I conclude that the chances of your assassination are
roughly one in two.”
“Any fool can give that answer, “ said Cleon with contempt. “It takes no
mathematician.”
“Yet I have told you several times that my mathematics is useless for practical
problems.”
“Can’t you even suppose that I learn the lessons that have been given me by my
unfortunate predecessors?”
Seldon took a deep breath and plunged in. “No, Sire. All history shows that we do
not learn from the lessons of the past. For instance, you have allowed me here in a private
audience. What if it were in my mind to assassinate you? --Which it isn’t, Sire, “ he
added hastily.
Cleon smiled without humor. “My man, you don’t take into account our
thoroughness--or advances in technology. We have studied your history, your complete
record. When you arrived, you were scanned. Your expression and voiceprints were
analyzed. We knew your emotional state in detail; we practically knew your thoughts.
Had there been the slightest doubt of your harmlessness, you would not have been
allowed near me. In fact, you would not now be alive.”
A wave of nausea swept through Seldon, but he continued. “Outsiders have
always found it difficult to get at Emperors, even with technology less advanced.
However, almost every assassination has been a palace coup. It is those nearest the
Emperor who are the greatest danger to him. Against that danger, the careful screening of
outsiders is irrelevant. And as for your own officials, your own Guardsmen, your own
intimates, you cannot treat them as you treat me.”
摘要：

PreludetoFoundationbyIsaacAsimovAuthor’sNoteWhenIwrote“Foundation,“whichappearedintheMay1942issueofAstoundingScienceFaction,IhadnoideathatIhadbegunaseriesofstoriesthatwouldeventuallygrowintosixvolumesandatotalof650,000words(sofar).NordidIhaveanyideathatitwouldbeunifiedwithmyseriesofshortstoriesandno...

展开>> 收起<<
Prelude to Foundation - Isaac Asimov.pdf

共249页,预览10页

还剩页未读， 继续阅读

声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！

相关推荐

更多
立即下载
分类：外语学习 价格：5.9玖币 属性：249 页 大小：718.95KB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-12-03

开通VIP享超值会员特权

  • 多端同步记录
  • 高速下载文档
  • 免费文档工具
  • 分享文档赚钱
  • 每日登录抽奖
  • 优质衍生服务

作者详情

相关内容

更多

热门标签

人际关系 动力学连接体 力的合成 配电装置 高考理综 全宋诗作者索引 公务员考试
/ 249
评分 收藏
分享
立即下载 VIP免费下载
客服
关注