专题3.推理判断解题技巧（原卷版）（全国通用版）

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推理判断解题技巧

推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可

能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆

断的。推理判断题常以 infer，imply，suggest，conclude, learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等词提

问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might, would 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如

probably，most likely 等。

所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示

出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到

答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错

误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训

练。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：

方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材

料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符

合逻辑的结论。

陷阱：①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述） ②

注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆

断）

③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思

想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

方法 1 逻辑推理法

逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时

间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、

态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。

The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around

your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your

friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it.

Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can

really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress.

According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______.

A. very necessary B. not helpful at all

C. very boring D. not important

方法 2 观点态度判定法

观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出

来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。

What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into

students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school

experiences more meaningful.

What does the writer think of doing chores?

A. He thinks it's a waste of time.

B. He thinks it's the parents' job.

C. He can't understand.

D. He thinks it's good for students.

方法 3 目的意图判定法

目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行

归纳总结和分析的能力。

There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.

Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are

floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.

Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in

hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well.

The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.

A. introduce some ways to recycle waste

B. tell readers about the problem with plastics

C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution

D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste

方法 4 文章出处判定法

文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网

络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能

力。

Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it? As you learned

more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept ( 概念), you

found that there was a lot more to know about it.

Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea...

One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results...

Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take

the first step.

We can usually read the passage in ______.

A. a storybook B. a newspaper

C. an advertisement D. a guidebook

方法 5 读者对象判定法

读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断

能力。

What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)?

If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.

If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the

police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true.

Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember:

think about how to be kind in the future.

This passage is mainly written for ______.

A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police

方法 6 写作目的判定法

目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归

纳总结和分析的能力。

There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.

Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are

floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.

Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in

hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well.

The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.

A. introduce some ways to recycle waste

B. tell readers about the problem with plastics

C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution

D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste

方法 7 论证方式判定法

论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，

证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。

The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year,

Samsung ( 三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years

from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether itˈs a washing machine or a

vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).

The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____

A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past.

B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner.

C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things

D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things.

方法 8 篇章结构判定法

篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结

构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。

Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.

When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to

do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or

lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet

places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.

Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In

western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they

usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some

money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are

expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can

make a lot of money!

Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as

the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”

If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?

( =Para.1 =Para.2 =Para.3 =Para.4 )① ② ③ ④

A. ; ; B. ; ; C. ; ; D. ;① ②③ ④① ② ③④①② ③ ④① ②③④

（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）

Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-

School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends,

and she was nervous.

So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one

seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.

Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues ( 线索) and had been to the post

office. Now they were in front of the cinema.

Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.

I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.

“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.

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摘要：

推理判断解题技巧推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，mostlikely等。所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者...

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