专题2.细节理解解题技巧（原卷版）（全国通用版）

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细节理解解题技巧
细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解题
和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用 who， what，when，where，why
和how 等提问。说明文和叙述文的阅读题有相当一部分是此类题。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和
句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加
工或整理后方能得出结论，此类试题在中考试题中占大多数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该
题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：
方法 1：线索句定位法
所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。
首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；
其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词 /短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标
句与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。
典例题分析
To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing
board games and video games. He or she should also prepare some delicious snacks and fun food like pizza.
Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows and blankets. But if they forget
something, they don't need to worry because the host will give them what they need.
If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most American schools. A
prom is a formal dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year,
the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation ( 毕业) dance. Students should wear formal clothes at
the prom...
2. The students ______ at a prom.
A. wear formal clothes B. wear pajama C. play fun games D. are all surprised
方法 2：语意转换法
Fifty-seven years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first came out in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as
everyone called her, has become the most famous toy doll in history. Her parent, the Mattel Company, said that
90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.
However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in competition with
her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, came to life seventeen years ago. She looks more like today's pop
stars with heavy makeup (浓妆) and miniskirts.
Barbie's trouble is that ______.
A. it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts
B. other dolls are more popular with girls
C. other dolls are trying to beat her in the market
D. it is more expensive than the other dolls
方法 3：选项 vs 原文比对法
比对法常用于正误判断类试题，就是以文章为依据，对选项中所涉及的内容做出正误判断，可能是针对
某一细节，也可能是针对文章大意等。主要考查学生对多处细节或段落大意，文章大意的理解能力。
Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. We use water to wash bowls, clothes and ourselves.
Where does all water come from? It comes from the clouds. Some of the rain sinks( 渗入) into the ground.
Many people get water from the ground.
Some rain water comes down the mountains into streams( 小溪). The streams come together to make lakes.
Many people get water from these lakes. Water can change itself. When water gets very cold, it becomes ice.
When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.
Which is True?
A. Animals need water, too.
B. All rain water becomes streams.
C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam.
D. When it is hot, water becomes ice.
方法 4：逻辑顺序厘清法
逻辑顺序厘清法，就是根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发
生、发展的正确顺序。主要考查学生对文章细节中事物发展顺序的理解能力。
While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on
the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place (Mum and Dad had always told me it was
dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave as him, so I
agreed to go with him.
We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索) the area. So Bob started to climb down and I followed him.
Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We
shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we
heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held
the rope. She made her way down to save us.
My parents were relieved(宽慰的) that I wasn't hurt, but they were angry that I had done such a dangerous
thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again.
In what order did the events happen?
a. Some rocks came down.
b. The writer followed Bob.
c. The writer wanted to cry.
d. A man and a woman saved them.
e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. a-c-b-e d D. b-c-a-e-d
方法 5 数字计算法
Shared chargers (共享充电宝) have already appeared at 37 sites in Xi'an. People in Xi'an can find them in places
like restaurants and shopping malls.
How to enjoy the special service? That's easy! Users can scan a QR code ( 扫描二维码) on a machine to rent
one of the chargers. Of course, before using, users need to pay a deposit ( 押 金 ) of 100 yuan. But if a user's
Alipay-based Zhima credit score is over 600, he or she doesn't have to pay a deposit. The chargers are free to use
for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that. You can spend at most 10 yuan a day. So don't worry
about the cost!
Jim used a shared charger for 3 hours for the first time and he should pay ______ for it.
A.1 yuan B.2 yuan C.3 yuan D.10 yuan
总结
方法：认真审题，从题目中提取关键词，利用关键词定位到文章中找到并弄清细节，将选项与原文对比，
选出与原文一致的正确选项。（同义词转换考查较多）
陷阱:①张冠李戴：把文中作者的观点和他人的观点混淆在一起
②偷梁换柱：干扰项使用了文章某句话句子相似的句子结构和陈述，但在关键地方换了某个单词，从而
改变句意。
③无中生有：干扰项在文章没有提到，或与文章没有联系
④鱼目混珠:利用文中某个词句的字面含义作为干扰项，混淆其在文中的真正含义
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
◎◎◎ Blog
Diana
Garcia
@dgarcia
It’s a mini-project for my course at college. Thanks to all my
friends (174 in total) who answered my questions about
selfies (自拍). Here’s the result.
Selfies in Numbers
Who’s Taking Selfies? Top Situations for Selfies
摘要：

细节理解解题技巧细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。说明文和叙述文的阅读题有相当一部分是此类题。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论，此类试题在中考试题中占大多数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：方法1：线索句定位法所谓线索句，就是为我们提供...

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