专题4.字词猜测解题技巧（原卷版）（全国通用版）
2025-05-14
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字词猜测解题技巧
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和
文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子
的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总
会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是
对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
1猜词词义题：
方法：①利用同义或近义词来猜测
②利用反义词猜词
③利用上下文语境猜词
④利用定义或解释猜词
⑤利用例证猜词
⑥利用复叙或同等关系猜词
⑦利用词义搭配，关联猜词
⑧利用经验和常识猜词
⑨根据语境转折猜词
⑩利用构词法来猜词
陷阱：一个单词往往不只一层含义，注意深层含义。
方法 1 词义猜测法
词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义 、
熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。
A woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the next
day.
"This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.
"Does he have a mirror in his cage (笼子)?" the owner asked. "Parrots love mirrors."
The woman bought a mirror and left. The next day she came back, saying that the bird still wasn't talking.
The underlined word "parrot" in paragraph 1 means "______" in Chinese.
A.孔雀 B.鹦鹉 C.鸽子 D. 老鹰
方法 2 短语猜测法
短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能
力。
Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.
One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.
"What's the matter, dear?" his mother asked in a hurry.
"I've got a toothache," said Jim.
So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.
Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim?"
"I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.
"Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now?"
"I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's."
What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"?
A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装
方法 3 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法
在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。
因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作
者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。
表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead,
rather than,, on the other hand 等
There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but
the food is cheap...
The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is ________.
A.美味的 B.昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的
方法 4构词法猜词法
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着
举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀 un-表反义词，如
happy-unhappy, fair-unfair 等; 后缀-ment 表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement 等; 后-er、-or 或-ist
表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist 等，如果一来，这些问题便不难
解决了。
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Length: less than 160mm, width less than 85mm
The underlined word "Length" probably means ______ in Chinese.
A.长度 B.宽度 C.厚度 D.高度
方法 5指代猜测法
指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系，判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生
对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。
When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know more things about
different customs( 风俗 ). You read all these from books in the past, but now you have a chance to know them
clearly. You can also make new friends from different countries. They can help you know more about their own
countries.
What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Friends. B. Teachers. C. Countries. D. Customs.
（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）
I have an 11-year-old son named Peter. I knew that playing sports would be good to our son. He would get
some exercise, learn about teamwork and learn some physical skills. We continually encouraged him to have a try,
but after a while it was clear that he didn’t like team sports, and there was nothing we could do to change it.
We decided not to push him to take part in sports, even though most of his friends did sports. As time went
by, we gradually realized that we had made the right decision. Don’t misunderstand ( 误解) me. I have nothing
against sports. Now my son isn’t interested in sports, but I’m not pushing him to do sports. Here are the reasons:
I want him to know I accept him unconditionally. I don’t even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if
he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities. Whether he succeeds or fails, he will always be my
son, and that will never change.
摘要：
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字词猜测解题技巧根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。1猜词词义题：方法：①利用同义或近义词来猜测②利用反义词猜词③利用上下文语境猜词④利用定义或解释猜词⑤利用例证猜词⑥利用复叙或同等关系猜词⑦利用词义搭配，关联猜词⑧利用经验和常识猜词⑨根据语境转折猜...
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时间：2025-05-14
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