专题5.主旨大意解题技巧（原卷版）（全国通用版）

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主旨大意解题技巧

每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有

四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点

把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中 therefore,

thus, but, however, in short, to sum up 等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个

别段落大意的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about? 或

Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

主旨大意题

方法：主旨大意分为大意类和标题类以及段落大意。①主题句是主旨大意的体现，因此识别每段主题

句，然后归纳。②看首段和尾端③看文中出现最多的词

陷阱：①注意以偏概全不能选②范围太大不能选③注意段落大意，看清段落不要误选

方法 1 文章大意总结法

文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能

力。

When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west.

Anna Scheen, from the Netherlands, was puzzled( 困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for

the first time. "They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't open it.

They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether they liked

it or not." she said.

In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped ( 包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the

situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the

giver is regarded as impolite.

The main idea of the passage is about ______.

A. the different rules of accepting presents

B. how to give a gift in China

C. how to choose a good gift

D. the western rules of accepting gifts

方法 2 段落大意总结法

段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意

的理解归纳能力。

Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA. This player is the shortest in the NBA, but he is one of the

most fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. "In NBA, he looks like a fourth-grader among a group of high school

students." according to The Atlantic.

How can he compete(竞争) with them？...

Paragraph 1 of the report mainly talks about _____.

A. how great Nate Robinson is

B. how Nate Robinson is unlike any other player

C. how fearless Nate Robinson is

D. who Nate Robinson is

方法 3 标题判断法

标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和

概括的能力。

A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Now paper comes from trees. We use a

lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how

can we save paper?

We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in

bottles instead of those in paper packets (小包). We can also use handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When

we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags...

Everyone can help to save paper. And we should do it now, before it is too late.

Which is the best title of the passage?

A. Saving Paper

B. The History of Paper

C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again

D. Cai Lun Invented Paper

（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）

Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum

Xiaohua by many of them.

“It is my greatest happiness to care for them,” said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County

Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.

Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student

according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help

carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student

graduated（毕业）from the school.

In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation（康复）centre and Xie worked harder. To make sure every child

received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills

of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems.

That often made her throat ache.

2015, the school started offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie,

there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres

over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.

“Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students’ progress, even just

a little bit,” Xie said.

1．Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of ________.

A．22 B．27 C．29 D．49

2．What does Paragraph 3（第 3段）mainly tell us?

A．What Xie knows. B．How long Xie helped carry the student.

C．How Xie takes care of the students. D．What the students’ physical conditions are.

3．Xie probably ________ first to help them receive the best training.

A．made some plans for the children

B．taught the children the basic skills

C．set up a rehabilitation centre for the children

D．trained the children with hearing and speech problems

4．Which of the following is true?

A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.

B．Xie thinks their work is useful and important.

C．Each teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.

D．The school offered door-to-door education to all the students.

5．What is the best title（题目）for the passage?

A．Special students B．A famous school

C．Mountain villages D．Mum Xiaohua

（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）

a. Locals Care for Natural WorldGrasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many

wild animals have come back. On January 24, 2003, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to

protect the area and the wildlife. Local people joined in the project, picking up waste and protecting the animals.

b. China Successfully Grows Rice in SpaceHow to grow food in space if humans live there one day? For

nearly 40 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds ( 种子 ) in space. Recently growing rice at

Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward. It can also solve food problems on Earth.

c. Doctors Sent to West AfricaDoctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu

broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it. To get things better, they will also offer

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摘要：

主旨大意解题技巧每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,inshort,tosumup等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?或Whichofthefollowingcanbethebest...

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