专题11 阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编

专题 11 阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道（解析版）

〖2023 年高考真题题组〗

【2023▪新高考 I卷】

When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved

problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny

creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes

people were making.

After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking

questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria ( 细菌 )? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing

chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way

nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.

The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥 ). First, he

constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and

streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these

different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the

sludge.

He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to

eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.

Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated

sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in

Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.

“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for

the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these

new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”

4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?

A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.

C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.

5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?

A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.

C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.

6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?

A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.

C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.

7. What is the basis for John’s work?

A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.

C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.

【答案】4. C5. D6. B7. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 John Todd 从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用

自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,

observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing

through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this

process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. ( 当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢

探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的

岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱 )”以及第二

段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and

asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-

causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。

为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？ )”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。

故选 C。

5.细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进

去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the

sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure

water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消

化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选 D。

6. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a

greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage ( 污水 ) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also

designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. ( 这些年来，约翰承担了

许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿 1600 户家庭的污水。他还设计了一

种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。

故选 B。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then

you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. ( 你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生

什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选

A。

【2023▪新高考 II 卷】

Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.

And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at

four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and

healthy lifestyles.

Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food

restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of

soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though

some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.

Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil

testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,

students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.

Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say

they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.

She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that

they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming

effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”

she says, “and they feel successful.”

4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?

A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.

C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.

5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?

A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.

C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.

6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?

A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.

C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.

7. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life

C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape

【答案】4. D5. C6. A7. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Abby Jaramillo 等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，

环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts 花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段

的

“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started

Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她

和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是

Urban Sprouts 的发起者。故选 D。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段的“ she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful,

insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager

to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些

人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不

喜欢园艺工作。故选 C。

6.推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get

so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working

in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have

emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划

的

好处

不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎

对Jaramillo 的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 “他们走了出去，”她说，

“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜

园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选 A。

7.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“ And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started

Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students

develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，

她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学

技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了 Abby Jaramillo 等老师在低收

入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts 花园项目，让学生体验乡

村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断 B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选 B。

【2023▪全国甲卷】

Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing

together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.

She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,

accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She

says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout

the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”

Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from

losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always

like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a

room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”

With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more

than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average

spend per project will be around £ 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth

wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research

shows it is women now leading the charge.

24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?

A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.

25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day?

A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.

C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.

26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?

A. By making it look like before. B. By furmishing it herself.

C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.

27. What trend in DIY does the research show?

A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.

C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.

【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY 高手Terri Boltonis 的技能以及 DIY 项目可能会在

女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。

24. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文 “ Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together

furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. ( 她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱

给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis 是一位DIY 高手。C项“A specialist (一位专

业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选 C。

25.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.

From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was

rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商 Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，

现年26 岁的Terri 就在学校放假期间陪 Derek 去上班。一天的工作得到了 5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It

took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. ( 这花了几个星期的时间，

是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri 的祖父每天给她 5英镑是作为对她的

工作的鼓励。故选 B。

26.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to

avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免

任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri 是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金

的。故选 A。

27.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现

在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY 将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选 D。

【2023▪全国乙卷】

Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,

mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.

Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find

distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours

away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the

countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.

Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题11阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道（解析版）〖2023年高考真题题组〗【2023▪新高考I卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonder...

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专题11 阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

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