专题12 阅读理解说明文-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编

专题 12 阅读理解说明文（解析版）

〖2023 年高考真题题组〗

【2023▪新高考 I卷】

The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it

asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.

To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital

minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly

intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.

This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,

you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive

benefits to the things you value.

In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll

draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear

these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you

should avoid.

The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable

digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude ( 独处) and the

necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each

chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.

You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for

your particular circumstances.

8. What is the book aimed at?

A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.

C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.

9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.

10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?

A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.

C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.

11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?

A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.

C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.

【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including

a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if

you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，

然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故

选B。

9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for

thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online

activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在 30 天内远

离可选的在线活动。在 30 天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑

选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选 A。

10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your

own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed

to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过

程中，我将借鉴我在 2018 年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600 多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部

分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选 C。

11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to

build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具

箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式 )”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际

情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选 A。

【2023▪新高考 I卷】

On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come

to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some

cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.

This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some

people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,

they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same

errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that

people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the

accuracy of the estimate will go down.

But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist ( 转折) on this classic phenomenon. The

key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a

discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent

individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was

significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.

In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group

members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did

they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant

response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,

these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have

limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are

enormous.

12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?

A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.

C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.

13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.

A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates

C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent

14. What did the follow-up study focus on?

A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.

C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.

15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?

A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.

【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. D

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大

量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。

12.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those

errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When

enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate

estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other

out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for

whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.

(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者

低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相

似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们

的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本

段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，

讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应

这一现象的基本逻辑。故选 B。

13. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s

estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。 )”和第三段的

“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were

allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal

number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion

groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.

(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的

独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20 个独立个体获得的

平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计

数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选 D。

14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to

get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those

most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? ( 在一项针对

100 名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选

择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？ )”可知，在后续研究中，研

究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组

内的讨论过程。故选 C。

15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容 “ Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many

questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.( 尽管

Navajas 领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 )”可知，作

者认为虽然Navajas 领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推

断作者对于Navajas 的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选 D。

【2023▪新高考 II 卷】

Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in

almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout

history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books

and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.

In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections

between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book

as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —

absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds

of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.

Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of

the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in

their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the

raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page

outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as

any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages

parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly

networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance

of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.

8. Where is the text most probably taken from?

A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.

C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.

9. What are the selected artworks about?

A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.

C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.

10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?

A. Understand. B. Paint.

C. Seize. D. Transform.

11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?

A. The printed book is not totally out of date.

B. Technology has changed the way we read.

C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.

D. People now rarely have the patience to read.

【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。

8.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an

everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the

world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers 这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博

物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured

objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本

身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选 B。

9. 细节理解题。通过文章第二段 “ artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these

connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at

school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同

时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦

点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选 C。

10. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“ artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these

connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at

school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同

时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦

点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景

可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，

故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为 A项“理解、认识到”。故选 A。

11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题12阅读理解说明文（解析版）〖2023年高考真题题组〗【2023▪新高考I卷】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribetheph...

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