专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文-五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题 18 完形填空说明文、议论文（解析版）
〖2023 年高考真题题组〗
〖2022 年高考真题题组〗
【2022▪全国乙卷】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly
exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their
eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46
that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with
an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own
mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were
clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the
questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual
(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is
not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中
心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常
令人兴奋的事情。A. following 跟随；B. taking 取走；C. escaping 避开；D. directing 指导。根据上文
“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别
人的目光。故选 C。
42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。 A. clever 聪明的；B.
bad 不擅长的；C. scared 害怕的；D. quick 快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their
hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选
B。
43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed 无遮蔽
的；B. examined 已检查过的；C. untouched 未受影响的；D. imbalanced 失衡的。根据上文“They often
cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身
体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选 A。
44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中
心”生物的证据。A. supported 支持；B. guaranteed 保证；C. imagined 想象；D. interpreted 解释。根据
下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法
被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选 D。
45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾
A. disappointing 令人失望的；B. mixed 混合的；C. surprising 令人惊讶的；D. desired 渴望的。根据下文
“research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，
所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选 C。
46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾 。
A. explained 解释；B. confirmed 证实；C. contradicted 相矛盾；D. tested 测试。根据下文“Our19suggest
when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children
consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选 C。
47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.
parent 父母 亲 ； B. child 儿童；C. researcher 研 究员 ； D. doctor 医 生。 根据 上文 “ We brought young
children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和
一个成年人坐在一起。故选 B。
48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.
feet 脚；B. nose 鼻子；C. hands 手；D. ears 耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询
问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选 D。
49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。 A. see 看见；B. help
帮助；C. reach 到达；D. fool 欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自
己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选 A。
50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不
能和她说话。A. event 大事；B. thing 事情；C. action 行动；D. accident 事故。根据下文“children said
that they couldn’t 54 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说
话了。故选 B。
51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不
能和她说话。A. Yet 然而；B. Now 此刻；C. Soon 很快；D. Once 一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住
自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选 B。
52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能
和她说话。A. speak 说；B. listen 听；C. turn 转；D. wave 挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her
own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选 A。
53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。 A. instructions 命令；
B. descriptions 说明；C. experiments 实验；D. assumptions 假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验
排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选 C。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问
到了什么。A. comprehended 理解；B. predicted 预测；C. explored 探索；D. ignored 忽略。根据下文“the
questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什
么。故选 A。
55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们
被问到了什么。A. partly 部分地；B. honestly 诚实地；C. vaguely 含糊地；D. exactly 确切地。根据下文
“what was asked of them. Their16to the questions reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己
被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选 D。
56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，
我才能看到你。”A. responses 回答；B. approaches 方法；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根
据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选 A。
57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，
我才能看到你。”A. ability 能力；B. belief 看法；C. identity 身份；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“I can see
you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选 B。
58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。 A. hold back 阻止；B. relate to 有关联；
C. insist on 坚持；D. make up 弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的
看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选 C。
59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是
自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations 限制；B. requirements 必要条件；C. theories 理论；D. findings 调查
发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，
此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选 D。
60. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。 A.
tentative 实验性的；B. impressive 令人印象深刻的；C. creative 创造性的；D. effective 有效的。根据上文
“They simply 18mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这
种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选 D。
【2022▪浙江 6月卷】
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 36 it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky
shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 37
he were flying, his eyes wide with 38 . His trust in me is 39 which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same
time gives me a huge sense of 40 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets 41 , it will need more effort and sound
judgment 42 . Trust is such an important part of a 43 relationship that it’s something that can’t 44 to
lose. Every time I 45 Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 46 in the
knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 47 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 48 that, when he’s
swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
49 in the workplace, trust is important for strong 50 . It is something that every manager should
work hard to 51 among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to 52 your directions and
willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A 53 of trust can make people work against you rather than for
you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be 54 you their best. Good 55 , like good
parenting, is a long-term commitment.
36. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
37. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
38. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
39. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
40. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
41. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
42. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
43. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
44. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
45. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
46. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
47. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
48. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
49. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
50. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
51. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
52. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
53. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
54. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
55. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【答案】36. C37. A38. B39. C40. D41. A42. B43. C44. A45. D46. A47. D48. B49. C50. D51. C52. B53. D54.
B55. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve 值得；
B. miss 错过；C. love 爱；D. know 知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中
并被抓住。故选 C项。
37.考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。 A. as if
好像；B. in case 以防；C. even though 即使；D. so that 以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语
气，好像在飞。故选 A项。
38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear 害怕；
B. excitement 兴奋；C. doubt 怀疑；D. astonishment 惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out
2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选 B项。
39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责
任感。A. reasonable 合理的；B. limited 有限的；C. absolute 完全的，绝对的；D. important 重要的。根据
上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故
选C项。
40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任
感。A. relief 宽慰；B. satisfaction 满意；C. achievement 成就；D. responsibility 责任。结合语境，此处指
孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选 D项。
41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更
多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older 年龄较大的；B. busier 较为忙的；C. quieter 较安静的；D. healthier 较
健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作
者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选 A项。
42.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出
更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf 代表我；B. on my part 就我来说；C. in my honor 以我的名
誉；D. in my name 以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出
正确的判断。故选 B项。
43.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A.
long-distance 长途的；B. high-risk 高风险的；C. parent-child 父母子女的；D. teacher-student 师生的。本
段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选 C项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford
支付得起；B. choose 选择；C. wait 等待；D. expect 期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a
____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选 A项。
摘要：

五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题18完形填空说明文、议论文（解析版）〖2023年高考真题题组〗〖2022年高考真题题组〗【2022▪全国乙卷】Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.T...

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