THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER(星条旗)

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THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER

THE STAR-SPANGLED

BANNER

by John A. Carpenter

THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER

On August 18, 1814, Admiral Cockburn, having returned with his fleet

from the West Indies, sent to Secretary Monroe at Washington, the

following threat:

SIR: Having been called upon by the Governor-General of the

Canadas to aid him in carrying into effect measures of retaliation against

the inhabitants of United States for the wanton destruction committed by

their army in Upper Canada, it has become imperiously my duty, in

conformity with the Governor-General's application, to issue to the naval

forces under my command an order to destroy and lay waste such towns

and districts upon the coast as may be found assailable.

His fleet was then in the Patuxent River, emptying into the Chesapeake

Bay. The towns immediately "assailable," therefore, were Baltimore,

Washington, and Annapolis.

Landing at Benedict's, on the Patuxent, the land forces, enervated by a

long sea-voyage, marched the first day to Nottingham, the second to

Upper Marlborough. At the latter place, a town of some importance,

certain British officers were entertained by Dr. Beanes, the principal

physician of that neighborhood; and a man well-known throughout

southern Maryland. His character as a host was forced upon him, but his

services as a physician were freely given, and formed afterward the main

plea for his lenient treatment while a prisoner.

As the British army reached Upper Marlborough, General Winder was

concentrating his troops at Bladensburg. The duty of assigning the

regiments to their several positions as they arrived on the field was

performed by Francis Scott Key, a young aide-de-camp to General Smith.

Key was a practising lawyer in Washington who had a liking for the

military profession. He was on duty during the hot and dusty days which

ended in the defeat of the American army. Subsequently, he could have

read a newspaper at his residence in Georgetown by the light of the

burning public buildings at Washington, and he passed with indignant

heart the ruins left by the retreating army when, after a night of frightful

storm, they silently departed in a disorderly forced march of thirty-five

miles, to Upper Marlborough. He then knew what any other city might

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THESTAR-SPANGLEDBANNER1THESTAR-SPANGLEDBANNERbyJohnA.CarpenterTHESTAR-SPANGLEDBANNER2OnAugust18,1814,AdmiralCockburn,havingreturnedwithhisfleetfromtheWestIndies,senttoSecretaryMonroeatWashington,thefollowingthreat:SIR:HavingbeencalleduponbytheGovernor-GeneraloftheCanadastoaidhimincarryingintoeffectm...

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