[ebook.nsO] [buddhism] Buddha's Tales for Young and Old - Volume 2 - Illustrated [www.NorthSh.pdf

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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net

Web site: www.buddhanet.net

Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.

Interpreted by Ven. Kurunegoda Piyatissa

Stories told by Todd Anderson

Buddha's Tales for Young and Old

Volume 2 - Illustrated

Buddha's Tales for Young and Old

Volume 2 - Illustrated

BUDDHIST TALES FOR YOUNG AND OLD

VOLUME 2, STORIES 51 – 100

INTERPRETED BY KURUNEGODA PIYATISSA MAHA THERA

STORIES TOLD BY TODD ANDERSON

ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN PATTERSON

ISBN 0-9641768-2-3

FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY

Table of Contents

Table of Contents............................................................................................3

Interpreter’s Introduction............................................................................7

From the Storyteller to the Reader ..........................................................12

Tale 51 — King Goodness the Great........................................................13

Tale 52, 539 — King Fruitful and Queen Sivali .....................................19

Chapter 1. Rebirth of the Bodhisatta ..................................................19

Chapter 2. Gaining Power......................................................................23

Chapter 3. Giving Up Power..................................................................30

Tale 53 — A Gang of Drunkards...............................................................37

Tale 54, 85 — The Whatnot Tree..............................................................39

Tale 55 — Prince Five-Weapons and Sticky-Hair.................................42

Tale 56 — A Huge Lump of Gold ..............................................................46

Tale 57, 224 — Mr Monkey and Sir Crocodile......................................48

Tale 58 — A Prince of Monkeys................................................................51

Tale 59, 60 — Two Ways of Beating a Drum..........................................54

Tale 61 — Two Mothers..............................................................................56

Tale 62 — The Priest Who Gambled With a Life..................................60

Tale 63 — The Wicked Lady and Buttermilk Wise Man.....................65

Tale 66, 251 — The Wisdom of Queen Tenderhearted.........................71

Tale 67 — A Wife & Mother Who Was a Sister First..........................74

Tale 68, 237 — 3,000 Births.......................................................................76

Tale 69 — The Strong-minded Snake.......................................................77

Tale 70 — The Shovel Wise Man...............................................................78

Tale 71 — The Green Wood Gatherer.....................................................81

Tale 72 — The Elephant King Goodness.................................................83

Tale 73 — Four on a Log.............................................................................87

Tale 74 — New Homes for the Tree Spirits............................................93

Tale 75 — The Fish Who Worked a Miracle..........................................95

Tale 76 — The Meditating Security Guard.............................................97

Tale 77 — Sixteen Dreams..........................................................................99

Chapter 1. Panic.......................................................................................99

Chapter 2. Roaring Bulls With No Fight.........................................102

Chapter 3. The Frightening Sound of ‘Munch, Munch, Munch’ 106

Chapter 4. Teaching............................................................................. 111

Tale 78 — Illisa the Cheap....................................................................... 113

Tale 79 — A Motherless Son................................................................... 119

Tale 80 — Fear Maker and Little Archer............................................ 121

Tale 81 — Forest Monks in a King’s Pleasure Garden..................... 126

Tale 82, 41, 104, 369, 439 — The Curse of Mittavinda ..................... 129

Chapter 1. Jealousy.............................................................................. 129

Chapter 2. Greed................................................................................... 133

Chapter 3. Pleasure .............................................................................. 136

Tale 84 — A Question From a Seven-year-old.................................... 143

Tale 86, 290, 362 — A Lesson From a Snake....................................... 145

Tale 87 — A Priest Who Worshipped Luck......................................... 148

Tale 88, 28 — The Bull Called Delightful............................................. 150

Tale 89 — The Phony Holy Man............................................................. 153

Tale 90, 363 — One Way Hospitality.................................................... 156

Tale 91 — Poison Dice .............................................................................. 158

Tale 92 — The Mystery of the Missing Necklace ............................... 160

Chapter 1. One Crime Leads to Another......................................... 160

Chapter 2. The Mystery Is Solved.....................................................163

Tale 93 — The Careless Lion..................................................................167

Tale 94 — The Holy Man Who Tried To Be Too Holy......................169

Tale 95 — Clear-sighted the Great, King of the World.................... 171

Tale 96, 132 — The Prince and the She-devils..................................... 174

Chapter 1. Five Meals in the Forest.................................................. 174

Chapter 2. A Feast in the Palace........................................................ 178

Tale 97 — A Man Named Bad................................................................. 180

Tale 98 — A Man Named Wise............................................................... 182

Tale 99, 101 — Achieving Nothing......................................................... 184

Tale 100 — A Mother’s Wise Advice.................................................... 186

Appendix A

Who Was the Bodhisatta?................................................................... 187

Appendix B

An Arrangement of Morals................................................................ 189

Interpreter’s Introduction

The Jataka stories, over millennia, have been seminal to the development of

many civilisations, the cultivation of moral conduct and good behaviour, the

growth of a rich and varied literature in diverse parts of the world and the

inspiration for painting, sculpture and architecture of enduring aesthetic value.

The Buddha himself used jataka stories to explain concepts like kamma and

rebirth and to emphasise the importance of certain moral values. A Jataka

bhanaka (jataka storyteller) is mentioned to have been appointed even as early as

the time of the Buddha. Such appointments were common in ancient Sri Lanka

and among others, King Llanaga (1st century AD) is recorded in the

mahavamsa, to have heard kapi jataka from a bhanaka bhikkhu. It is in

continuation of this noble tradition that these stories are now re-told in print to an

audience which had been denied access to them by language and other cultural

barriers. These stories are ever more relevant in the fragmented societies of

today, where especially children, in their most formative years, seek helplessly

for guidance in steering their lives to success and fulfilment.

No other civilisation has been as much nourished by this rich source as that in Sri

Lanka. Sinhala, the language of the people of Sri Lanka, in which script the

teachings of the Buddha were written down for the first time ever, carrier

unerring marks of that nourishment. Both the most hallowed literary works as

well as the colloquial language of ordinary present day villagers are replete with

allusions to the better-known Jataka stories. The latter would frequently refer to

“king Vessantara” (who was generous to a fault), ‘king Cetiya” (an inveterate

liar), the blind jackal (a most grateful friend) to prince Mahaushadha (of

unfathomable wisdom), to a tortoise who readily takes to water or to the

occasion when the sky fell on the hare.

There is hardly any form of Sihala literature which has not been fed by the well

springs of jataka stories. Works of poetry beginning from Sasadavata (12th

century), Muvadevdavata (12th century), Kausilumina (13th century), Guttila

kavyaya and Kavyashekharaya (14th century), Kusa jataka kavyaya and Asadisa

da Kava (17th century) embody jataka stories. Poems of other genre are replete

with allusions to incidents and personalities drawn from jataka stories.

Among prose works Sulu Kalingu da vata (12 century), Ummagga Jataka (13th

century), Bhuridatta Jataka (13th century) and Vessantara Jataka are jataka

stories re-told in inimitable fashion. Other works such as Amavatura (12th

century), Butsarana (12 century), Pajavalia (13th century),

Saddharmaratnavalia (13th century), and Saddharmalankaraya are deeply

embellished with material form jataka stories. Until quite recently, the most

widely read Sinhala prose work was Pansiya Panas Jataka Pota, number 6 in our

list of sources.

Later works of drama such as the Sandakinduru Nadagama, Vessantara

Nadagama, Pabavati, Kada Valalu, Kala gola and Pemato jayati soko are based

on jataka stories.

Stories similar to jataka stories occur in the Vedas. Some of the Brahmanas and

Puranas are simply narrative stories. In many places, the context, the style or the

core stories are altered. The same story is often told by different authors in

different places, for example, Kausilumina and Kasadavata as poetry and

Kabavati as drama are based on Kusajataka.

In Mahayana literature Asvaghos’s Sutralankara, Aryashura’s Jatakamala and

Khsemendra’s Avadana Kalpalata are well known as jataka stories.

Indian Sanskrt works such as Katha sarit sagara, Dasa Kuamara carita, Panca

tantra and Hitopadesa contain similar stories. These stories contributed to the

later incomparable works of Kalidasa and Ashvaghosa.

There are also Mahayana jataka stories such as Vyaghri, Dhammasondaka and

Seta Gandha Hasti which do not appear in Pali at all. Some jataka stories can be

found in Jain literature, such as the story of Isisinga in Suyakadanga, which is

the Nalini Jataka. They are found in even the Mahabharata, for example

Rsissringa upakhyana.

Jataka and similar other stories travelled far and wide by word of mouth along

caravan routes and contributed to the literature in Persia, China, Arabia (Arabian

Nights) Italy (Boccaccio’s tales), Greece (Aesop’s Fables), Britain (Chaucer’s

Canterbury Tales) and Japan (Zen stories).

For developing moral conduct and good behaviour, there are few more

instructive foundation than jataka stories. All Jataka stories hold out advice on

how to correct our ways. They played and continue to play in some societies an

enormous role in the cultivation of peace and generosity. When Buddhist monks

taught children in viharas, jataka stories took a prominent place in primary

education. Young samaneras (novice monks) were required to read and preach

effectively. In India these and similar other stories were a principal instrument in

the socialisation's of children, discouraging them from selfishness and laying

foundations for family had community solidarity. Jataka stories speak eloquently

of those human values, which contribute, to harmony, pleasure and progress.

Besides literature, painting, sculpture and architecture in many parts of the world

carried the message of jataka stories. King Dutugemunu of Anuradhapura (2nd

Century B.C.) had the inside shrine room of the Ruvanveliseya embellished with

murals depicting scenes from Jataka stories. This practice is still carried on today

in Buddhist viharas in Sri Lanka as well as in Myanmar (Burma), Thailand,

Cambodia, Laos, and Viet Nam. Fa Hin, who visited Sri Lanka in the fifth

century A.D. recorded that festival times the city of Anuradhapura was

festooned with paintings from jataka stories. This practice continues today in

major cities in Sri Lanka during Buddhist days of celebration. Jataka stories are

well depicted in Amaravati, Nalanda, Ajanta, Ellora, Bharut, Nagarjunikonda,

Borobudur and Angkor Vat. The late historian Mackensey in Buddhism in pre-

Christian Britain (1928) demonstrated that there were artistic works based on

jataka stories in pre-Christian Britain.

At this point I wish to draw the reader’s special attention to three stories in this

collection. The first when the Enlightened One had been born as a quail. In the

forest where he lived he befriended a monkey and an elephant. They raised a

question among themselves: who was the most experienced and most worthy of

respect?

After discussion, they came to a conclusion: whoever was the oldest would be

the most experienced and the most knowledgeable. Then they had to decide

which among them was the eldest and the most respected. Pointing to a very

large and well-grown banyan tree the elephant said, “Can you remember that

banyan tree in whose shade we used to rest sometimes? I used to scratch my

tummy rubbing on it when I was very little.” Then the monkey responded “Oh, I

ate its tender leaves while sitting next to it when I was very young.” Finally the

quail chirped in, “When I was young, I ate a fruit from an old banyan tree.

Afterwards I left droppings that held a seed that grew into this banyan tree.”

They concluded that the oldest of them was the smallest, the quail. So they

began to respect each other according to their age — first the quail, second the

monkey, and last the elephant.

This story teaches respect for elders. It is an essential part of the Buddhist

tradition to respect seniority. Amongst Buddhist monks this is strictly observed

and it is an offence to violate this seemingly minor rule. It also points to the need

to gain control over conceit, a minor defilement. This very same respect for

seniority may have led to the development of historiography.

The second story, that of a half-blind fox teaches the value of being grateful. The

half-blind fox was caught by a python in his coils and was fighting for his life. A

poor peasant who was collecting wood in the forest helped the fox escape from

his predator. After the same poor peasant was the victim of a python. The half-

blind fox who heard the screams of the peasant ran in to a village field where a

group of men were ploughing field and ran away with their clothing. The

villagers chased after the fox, heard the screams of the helpless man and released

him from the coils of the python.

The third story relates the fate of two parrots who were carried from their nest in

a storm and one dropped in a hermitage and the other in a den of thieves. The

one who fell among the hermits learned and eventually practised generosity and

became quite gentle. The one who fell among thieves grew up like them —

cruel, rough and wicked. This story teaches the ill of associating with bad people

and helps to cultivate the mind in many ways. Generosity, the use of gentle

language, the nobility of the ways of wise people, the value of morality and the

evils of unwholesome associations are all thrown into high relief. In this any

many other respects, jataka stories contributed to happiness and the development

of the minds of young ones. The happiness they engendered went well beyond

the mundane to reach the supra-mundane. They led mankind to all that is good in

this world and to the ultimate happiness taught by the Buddha.

The sources used in this second volume are as follows:

1. Jataka Pali (Colombo: Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series (Publication

Board, 1983) - original Pali stanzas.

2. Jataka Pali (Colombo: Simon Hewavitarane Bequest, 1926) original

Pali Jataka stories in Sinhalese characters.

3. Sinhala Jataka Pot Vahanse (Colombo: Jinalankara Press, 1928

Sinhalese translation of Pali Jataka stories.

4. Sinhala Jataka Pot Vahanse, (Colombo: RatnakaraBookshop, 1961 -

Sinhalese translation of Pali Jataka stories

5. The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Lives, ed. E.B. Cowell

(London: Pali Text Society, 1981), 6 vols., index - English translation

of Pali Jataka stories.

6. Pansiyapanas Jataka Pot Vahanse (Bandaragama: H. S. N.

Prematilaka, 1987) - Sinhalese summaries of Pali jataka stories

The sequence numbers used for the stories are in the same order as the Jataka

Pali and The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Lives (numbers 1 and 5

cited above).

The publishers of this and other volumes, The Buddha Educational Foundation

of Taiwan, are making an inestimable contribution of Dhamma. I offer my

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