of heightened suggestibility in which the mind is totally centered on
one idea to the exclusion of everything else, including sensory
perceptions that are unwanted or distracting.
By this definition anyone who is really concentrating on
something, like reading a book, or even watching television, may be
said to be in a hypnotic trance. They certainly are. Gurdjieff went so far
as to suggest that most people are hypnotized most of the time. To
achieve their potential they had to become “de-hypnotized”. The point
is that any routine task can become hypnotic. Here in southern
California, for instance, we are all familiar with the freeway driving
trance. There are also musical trances, dancing trances, etc. There may
even be a general everyday living trance – as Gurdjieff intimated.
These trances are different, and they have different levels of intensity,
and sensory selection. If a person is deeply engrossed in a book he may
not hear the phone ring, whereas if he is listening to the radio with
“one ear”, he will hear the phone. Hypnosis is a normal and common
condition. It is the unusual behavior associated with the deeper
cataleptic and somnambulistic trances that seem strange and
mysterious.
Hypnosis was known and used in ancient Egypt, where
magician-priests officiated at “sleep temples” in which sufferers of
various afflictions were cured by visitations of the Gods – most
probably while the patients were in a somnambulistic trance. Egyptian
magicians hypnotized animals such as lions and cobras. In India the
occult hypnotist first hypnotizes himself before operating on his
subject. This is a most magical approach and very effective. It seems
unknown outside of esoteric circles.
From ancient times up into the 1840’s the phenomenon was
thought to be the result of the manipulation and transmission of life
force: a subtle substance called “spirit”, or in the East, “kundalini.”
This concept is not as objective, or as simplistic, as it first appears.
The great Renaissance magus Marsilio Ficino, theorized that the flow
of spirit, by the rites of astrological magick, to improve the health and
intellectual capabilities of the operator. (7.) Ficino did not extend his
method to include the influencing of spirit in others – which would
have been a dangerous in his time – but such a capability is implicit in
his theory.
Many medieval and Renaissance magi solicited the
intercession of angels and demons in what Daniel Walker calls
“transitive operations” (for or against others), but before we assume
that this practice was entirely dualistic and objectified, we should
remember that these operators derived their philosophy from the
Hermetic Holy Book known as The Asclepius, which plainly taught
that angels, demons and gods of the earth sphere were originally
creations of man himself! The magicians of the Renaissance knew
very well that such entities were subjective. We might even call their
magical pantheism a proto-Jungian archetype theory in its own right.
They were also well aware of the powers of “fascination”, which they
attributed to rays of “spirit directed from the eyes of the enchanter.”
These magicians were monistic in their philosophy; subjective visions
were as important as objective phenomenon. They can perhaps be
criticized for not caring to differentiate between the two.
The crystal ball and the dark speculum (mirror) were their
most important items of ritual equipment. Their use was linked to
theories of celestial rays, planetary sympathies and the like, but the