
Grand enough, you would think, to conceive a narrative whose central character is narrative.
Among the few other writers who have dared that much is Joyce, whose Finnegans Wake is essentially
one immense dream encompassing all the myths of the race ("wake"— "dream": get it?). And, though
Gaiman would probably be too modest to invite the comparison, I am convinced that Joyce was much on
his mind during the whole process of composition. The first words of the first issue of The Sandman are
"Wake up"; the last words of the last major story arc of The Sandman are "Wake up"—the title of the
last story arc being, naturally, "The Wake." (All of Gaiman's story titles, by the way, are versions of
classic stories, from Aeschylus to Ibsen and beyond. A Brit, raised on British crosswords, he can't resist
playing hide-and-seek with the reader—rather like Joyce.)
Grand enough, that. But having invented Dream, the personified human urge to make meaning, he
went on to invent Dream's family, and that invention is absolutely original and, to paraphrase what Prince
Hal says of Falstaff, witty in itself and the cause of wit in other men.
The family is called the Endless, seven siblings, in order of age—"birth," we'll see, is not an
appropriate term— Destiny, Death, Dream, Destruction, Desire, Despair, and Delirium (whose name
used to be Delight). They are the Endless because they are states of human consciousness itself, and
cannot cease to exist until thought itself ceases to exist; they were not "born" because, like consciousness,
nothing can be imagined before them: the Upanishads, earliest and most subtle of theologies, have a deal
to say on this matter.
To be conscious at all is to be conscious of time, and of time's arrow: of destiny. And to know
that is to know that time must have a stop: to imagine death. Faced with the certainty of death, we
dream, imagine paradises where it might not be so: "Death is the mother of beauty," wrote Wallace
Stevens. And all dreams, all myths, all the structures we throw up between ourselves and chaos, just
because they are built things, must inevitably be destroyed. And we turn, desperate in our loss, to the
perishable but delicious joy of the moment: we desire. All desire is, of course, the hope for a fulfillment
impossible in the very nature of things, a boundless delight; so to desire is always already to despair, to
realize that the wished-for delight is only, after all, the delirium of our mortal self-delusion that the world is
large enough to fit the mind. And so we return to new stories—to dreams.
Now that's an overschematic version of the lineage of the Endless, almost a Medieval-style
allegorization. For they're also real characters: as real as the humans with whom they are constantly
interacting throughout The Sandman. Destiny is a monastic, hooded figure, almost without affect.
Death—Gaiman's brilliant idea—is a heartbreakingly beautiful, witty young woman. Dream— is Dream,
somber, a tad pretentious, and a tad neurotic. Destruction is a red-haired giant who loves to laugh and
talks like a stage Irishman. Desire—another brilliant stroke—is androgynous, as sexy and as threatening
as a Nagel dominatrix; and Despair, his/her twin, is a squat, fat, preternaturally ugly naked hag. Delirium,
fittingly for her name, is almost never drawn the same way: all we can tell for sure is that she is a young
girl, with multicolored or no hair, dressed in shreds and speaking in non sequiturs that sometimes achieve
the surreal antiwisdom of, say, Rimbaud.
Nevertheless: the Endless are an allegory, and a splendid one, of the nature of consciousness, of
being-in-the-world. And it can't be emphasized too much that these more-than, less-than gods matter
only because of the everyday people with whose lives and passions they interact. The Sandman
mythology, in other words, brings us full circle from all classical religions. "In the beginning God made
man?" Quite—and quite precisely—the reverse.
And Dream, the Lord of Storytelling, is at the center of it all.
We begin and end with stories because we are the storytelling animal. The Sandman is at one
with Finnegans Wake, and also with Nietzsche, C. G. Jung, and Joseph Campbell in insisting that all
gods, all heroes and mythologies are the shadow-play of the human drama. The concept of the
Endless—and particularly of Dream— is a splendid "'machine for storytelling" (a phrase Gaiman is fond
of). Characters from the limitless ocean of myth, and characters from the so-called "real" world—that's
you and I when we're not dreaming—can mingle and interact in its universe: quite as they mingle and
interact in you and me when we are dreaming. It's often been said by literary critics that our age is
impoverished by its inability to believe in anything save the cold equations of science. (Hence Destruction,