专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（解析版）

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专题 05 阅读理解（说明文）

考点五年考情（2020-2024）命题趋势

阅读理解（说

明文）

2024 C 篇本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。

D 篇本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，

并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。

2023 B 篇介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不

流眼泪。

D 篇介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说

出口的想法转化为书面文字。

2022 介绍现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和

性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面

取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的

关键是什么。

2021 介绍什么是自我意识,有自我意识有什么好

处以及怎么培养自我意识等。

2020 嫦娥四号登月器上携带的小型花园成了第

一棵生长在另一个星球上的植物的家园——这

也是嫦娥四号的另一个成功。

中考说明文的难度较大，文章主

题主要以“人与自然生态”、

“热爱并善待生命”、“科学技

术与工程,人类发明与创新”结合

社会热点、等素材考查对语篇理

解能力和分析判断能力

(2024 年福建省中考真题 C篇)

Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them.

Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some

scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered.

So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires

high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾

驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact,

for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and

didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as

far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species

(物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered.

Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is

deep-sea exploration still so difficult? Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark,

and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface.

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Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s

temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate

change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is

ongoing below the surface.

56. Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce how important oceans are.

B. To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out.

C. To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.

D. To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.

57. What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea?

A. High technology. B. Unknown species.

C. A pleasant environment. D. Valuable information.

58. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Sea animals. B. The seas. C. The satellites. D. Many scientists.

59. What can we learn from the text?

A. It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B. The seas have a strong influence on our future.

C. The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D. It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.

50. What could be the best title of the text?

A. Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B. Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea

C. Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D. Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future

【答案】56. D 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C

【解析】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。

56.推理判断题。根据“Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t

know about them.…”可知列举的数字表明，尽管海洋覆盖地球的 71%，但是我们仍然知之甚少。故选 D。

57.推理判断题。根据“In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at

depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore the deep sea.”和“Since then, high technology

has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites.”可知探索深海需要高科技的帮助。故选

A。

58.词义推断题。根据“Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas.”可知虽然我

们有困难，但了解海洋是很重要的。此处 they 指代上文的 seas。故选 B。

59.细节理解题。根据“Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really

understand what is ongoing below the surface.”可知我们的未来取决于更多地了解我们的海洋，说明海洋对我

们的未来有很大影响。故选 B。

60.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了探索海洋的重要性，根据“Since then, high technology has been developed

to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult?”可知主要是介

绍深海探究的现状，并不是过去与未来。故选 C。

(2024 年福建省中考真题 D篇)

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It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协

会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of

a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers

and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more

comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing,

and scientific research.

The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi

Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in

2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty

years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key

areas like panda raising.

Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International

cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the

wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around

the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant

Panda.

“Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda

exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in

protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said.

61. China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________.

A. a good living condition for pandas B. a new age of conservation cooperation

C. a great achievement in scientific research D. a long-term plan for training panda caretakers

62. How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated?

A. 21 years. B. 25 years. C. 28 years. D. 34 years.

63. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. The history of the cooperation. B. The raising of the giant pandas.

C. The lives of the pandas in the US. D. The process of solving the problems.

64. What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Expect. B. Create. C. Improve. D. Receive.

65. What do we know from the last paragraph?

A. Scientific research is well on its way. B. The outreach plays an important part.

C. The cooperation requires international support. D. Education about wildlife protection is a big success.

【答案】61. B 62. C 63. A 64. C 65. B

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【解析】本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。

61.细节理解题。根据“It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association will send

giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-

year period of international conservation partnership.”可知中国野生动物保护协会将把大熊猫云川和鑫宝送往

美国圣地亚哥动物园，这标志着双方新的 10 年国际保护伙伴关系。故选 B。

62.推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai

Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物

园的合作是从1996 年开始，到现在已经 28 年了。故选 C。

63.推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai

Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知本段介绍了中国野生动物保护协会和圣

地亚哥动物园的合作。故选 A。

64.词义推断题。根据“Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the

world know China better”可知大熊猫会促进人们的沟通，让世界人们了解中国，facilitate 有“促进”的意思，

用improve 意思相近。故选 C。

65.推理判断题。根据“Scientific and educational outreach also serves as a key role in international giant panda

exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in

protecting wild giant pandas,”可知最后一段介绍了延伸服务的重要作用。故选 B。

(2023 年福建省中考真题 B篇)

Whether yellow, red or white, the onion is a vegetable that you may not know well. The list of its uses in

cooking is endless. People have used onions to add flavor (味道) to their foods for thousands of years. Besides

onions’ great taste, they are very good for you. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability

to fight off sickness and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.

No matter how good onions are for you, it is difficult to cut an onion without your eyes filling with tears!

When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into the air. They touch your

whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect your eyes.

Luckily, cooks and scientists have discovered some ways to keep you from crying when you cut up onions:

● Cut the onion under running water. The water will wash away the chemicals before they can reach your

eyes.

● Use a fan to blow air over the onion as you cut it. The air will blow the chemicals away from your eyes.

● Put the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting. This helps make the chemicals in the onion move

slowly, so they may not ever reach your eyes.

If you try out these good ideas and still cry while cutting onions, don’t worry. Scientists think if you cut more

onions, your body will become more resilient to the onion’s chemicals. So the tears will not last long. If you think

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about how healthy onions are, you might even call those tears “happy tears”.

31. Onions can help you fight off sickness because they have ________.

A. different colors B. many uses in cooking

C. great taste D. special chemicals

32. Why do your eyes make tears when you cut onions?

A. To improve physical condition. B. To prevent common diseases.

C. To wash away irritating chemicals. D. To cause terrible pain.

33. What can you do to stop crying according to the text?

Cut the onion under running water.①

Use a fan to blow air over the onion while cutting.②

Cover the onion with a piece of cloth as you cut it.③

Put the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting.④

A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④

34. What does the underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph mean in Chinese?

A. 疲惫的B. 敏感的C. 适应的D. 虚弱的

35. In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text?

A. Life and health. B. Language and culture.

C. Business world. D. National news.

【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不流眼泪。

31.细节理解题。根据“They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability to fight off sickness

and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.”可知，洋葱含有特殊的化学物质，可以提高你抵抗疾病的能

力，减少你生病的机会。故选 D。

32.细节理解题。根据“When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into

the air. They touch your whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect

your eyes.”可知，当你切洋葱时，洋葱内部的刺激性化学物质会进入空气中。它们会触摸你的整个眼睛，

引起疼痛。你的眼睛会分泌眼泪来洗掉化学物质，保护你的眼睛。故选 C。

33.细节理解题。根据“Cut the onion under running water. Use a fan to blow air over the onion as you cut it. Put

the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting.”可知，提到①②④三个方法，故选 B。

34.词句猜测题。分析“Scientists think if you cut more onions, your body will become more resilient to the

onion’s chemicals. So the tears will not last long.”可知，科学家认为，如果你切更多的洋葱，你的身体对洋葱

中的化学物质会变得适应，所以眼泪不会持续太久。所以resilient 的意思是“适应的”，故选 C。

35.推理判断题。本文主要介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不哭，所以推测可能在杂志的生活与健康版块

看到这篇文章。故选 A。

(2023 年福建省中考真题 D篇)

Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first

time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能).

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更多更新资料详情加微：xiaojuzi9598或zhixing16881专题05阅读理解（说明文）考点五年考情（2020-2024）命题趋势阅读理解（说明文）2024C篇本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。D篇本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。2023B篇介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不流眼泪。D篇介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。2022介绍现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的关键是什么。2021介绍什么是自我意识,有自我意识有什么好处以及怎么培养自我意识等。2020嫦...

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