专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（原卷版）

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专题 05 阅读理解（说明文）
考点 五年考情（2020-2024）命题趋势
阅读理解（说
明文）
2024 C 篇本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。
D 篇本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，
并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。
2023 B 篇介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不
流眼泪。
D 篇介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说
出口的想法转化为书面文字。
2022 介绍现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和
性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面
取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的
关键是什么。
2021 介绍什么是自我意识,有自我意识有什么好
处以及怎么培养自我意识等。
2020 嫦娥四号登月器上携带的小型花园成了第
一棵生长在另一个星球上的植物的家园——这
也是嫦娥四号的另一个成功。
中考说明文的难度较大，文章主
题主要以“人与自然生态”、
“热爱并善待生命”、“科学技
术与工程,人类发明与创新”结合
社会热点、等素材考查对语篇理
解能力和分析判断能力
(2024 年福建省中考真题 C篇)
Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them.
Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some
scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered.
So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires
high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾
驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact,
for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and
didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as
far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species
(物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered.
Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is
deep-sea exploration still so difficult? Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark,
and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface.
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Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s
temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate
change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is
ongoing below the surface.
56. Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce how important oceans are.
B. To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out.
C. To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.
D. To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.
57. What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea?
A. High technology. B. Unknown species.
C. A pleasant environment. D. Valuable information.
58. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Sea animals. B. The seas. C. The satellites. D. Many scientists.
59. What can we learn from the text?
A. It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B. The seas have a strong influence on our future.
C. The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D. It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.
50. What could be the best title of the text?
A. Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B. Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea
C. Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D. Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future
(2024 年福建省中考真题 D篇)
It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协
会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of
a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers
and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more
comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing,
and scientific research.
The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi
Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in
2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty
years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key
areas like panda raising.
Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International
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cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the
wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around
the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant
Panda.
“Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda
exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in
protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said.
61. China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________.
A. a good living condition for pandas B. a new age of conservation cooperation
C. a great achievement in scientific research D. a long-term plan for training panda caretakers
62. How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated?
A. 21 years. B. 25 years. C. 28 years. D. 34 years.
63. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The history of the cooperation. B. The raising of the giant pandas.
C. The lives of the pandas in the US. D. The process of solving the problems.
64. What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Expect. B. Create. C. Improve. D. Receive.
65. What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific research is well on its way. B. The outreach plays an important part.
C. The cooperation requires international support. D. Education about wildlife protection is a big success.
(2023 年福建省中考真题 B篇)
Whether yellow, red or white, the onion is a vegetable that you may not know well. The list of its uses in
cooking is endless. People have used onions to add flavor (味道) to their foods for thousands of years. Besides
onions’ great taste, they are very good for you. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability
to fight off sickness and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.
No matter how good onions are for you, it is difficult to cut an onion without your eyes filling with tears!
When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into the air. They touch your
whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect your eyes.
Luckily, cooks and scientists have discovered some ways to keep you from crying when you cut up onions:
● Cut the onion under running water. The water will wash away the chemicals before they can reach your
eyes.
● Use a fan to blow air over the onion as you cut it. The air will blow the chemicals away from your eyes.
● Put the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting. This helps make the chemicals in the onion move
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slowly, so they may not ever reach your eyes.
If you try out these good ideas and still cry while cutting onions, don’t worry. Scientists think if you cut more
onions, your body will become more resilient to the onion’s chemicals. So the tears will not last long. If you think
about how healthy onions are, you might even call those tears “happy tears”.
31. Onions can help you fight off sickness because they have ________.
A. different colors B. many uses in cooking
C. great taste D. special chemicals
32. Why do your eyes make tears when you cut onions?
A. To improve physical condition. B. To prevent common diseases.
C. To wash away irritating chemicals. D. To cause terrible pain.
33. What can you do to stop crying according to the text?
Cut the onion under running water.①
Use a fan to blow air over the onion while cutting.②
Cover the onion with a piece of cloth as you cut it.③
Put the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting.④
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
34. What does the underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph mean in Chinese?
A. 疲惫的 B. 敏感的 C. 适应的 D. 虚弱的
35. In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text?
A. Life and health. B. Language and culture.
C. Business world. D. National news.
(2023 年福建省中考真题 D篇)
Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first
time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能).
It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require
human intelligence.
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of
the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their
brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each
person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened.
The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of
pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has
not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking
rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on
another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts.
The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being
used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of
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technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical
conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.
41. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)?
A. A way. B. Anything. C. The brain. D. AI.
42. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
A. To describe the process of the experiment. B. To explain the results of the experiment.
C. To offer some opinions about the experiment. D. To list the difficulties with the experiment.
43. What does the example in paragraph 3 show?
A. The AI is much cleverer than people.
B. The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered.
C. The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought.
D. The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs.
44. What can we learn from the text?
A. It is not difficult to take AI under control.
B. AI will not be used in a proper way in the future.
C. AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems.
D. It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas.
45. What can be the best title for the text?
A. High Risks of Using AI. B. Mind-Reading Development.
C. Importance of Human Brain. D. Ways of Improving Technology.
(2022 年福建省中考真题 D篇)
Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or
completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their
classmates. Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children
according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to
make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.
Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success.
For example, those good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions while those interested in
arts are expected to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join
their favorite clubs.
Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts
have to be put into project work. Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a
mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility
which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.
Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends leading to
good relationships. Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will
have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.
摘要：

更多更新资料详情加微：xiaojuzi9598或zhixing16881专题05阅读理解（说明文）考点五年考情（2020-2024）命题趋势阅读理解（说明文）2024C篇本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。D篇本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。2023B篇介绍洋葱的好处以及如何切洋葱时不流眼泪。D篇介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。2022介绍现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的关键是什么。2021介绍什么是自我意识,有自我意识有什么好处以及怎么培养自我意识等。2020嫦...

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