Privacy-Patterns for IoT Application Developers

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Privacy-Paerns for IoT Application Developers

NADA ALHIRABI, Cardi University, UK and King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

STEPHANIE BEAUMONT, My Data Fix Ltd, UK

OMER RANA, Cardi University, UK

CHARITH PERERA, Cardi University, UK

Designing Internet of things (IoT) applications (apps) is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of the systems on which these

apps are deployed. Personal data, often classied as sensitive, may be collected and analysed by IoT apps, where data privacy laws

are expected to protect such information. Various approaches already exist to support privacy-by-design (PbD) schemes, enabling

developers to take data privacy into account at the design phase of application development. However, developers are not widely

adopting these approaches because of understandability and interpretation challenges. A limited number of tools currently exist to

assist developers in this context – leading to our proposal for “PARROT" (PrivAcy by design tool foR inteRnet Of Things). PARROT

supports a number of techniques to enable PbD techniques to be more widely used. We present the ndings of a controlled study and

discuss how this privacy-preserving tool increases the ability of IoT developers to apply privacy laws (such as GDPR) and privacy

patterns. Our students demonstrate that the PARROT prototype tool increases the awareness of privacy requirements in design and

increases the likelihood of the subsequent design to be more cognisant of data privacy requirements.

CCS Concepts:

•Security and privacy →

Usability in security and privacy;

•Human-centered computing →

Ubiquitous and

mobile computing design and evaluation methods.

Additional Key Words and Phrases: Internet of Things; Privacy by Design; Privacy Patterns; Software Design; Software Developers;

Data Protection; Privacy Law; GDPR; Usable Privacy; Privacy Practices

ACM Reference Format:

Nada Alhirabi, Stephanie Beaumont, Omer Rana, and Charith Perera. 2022. Privacy-Patterns for IoT Application Developers. In

Proceedings of the 2022 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp/ISWC ’22 Adjunct),

September 11–15, 2022, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3560333

1 Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) applications generate and process a large amount of data that are transmitted between devices.

As the size and frequency of this data increase, an ecient architecture is needed to manage and process this data [

Many eorts have been made to support privacy in the early stage of software development, such as Privacy-by-Design

(PbD) principles by Cavoukian [

]. However, many developers are unaware of the potentially signicant privacy issues

in an online context – nding it time-consuming and challenging to understand privacy policies and their implications

for their work [

]. Moreover, privacy concerns for a specic app design or implementation are rarely discussed by

developers [

]. This indicates a need for a privacy tool to reduce the operational and implementation gap between

software developers and privacy requirements [1].

The PARROT tool oers intuitive and user-friendly interfaces to assist and educate software developers on how to

learn and include privacy in their system design [

]. Initially, the tool was built for the highly regulated domain of

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not

made or distributed for prot or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the rst page. Copyrights for third-party

components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s).

Manuscript submitted to ACM

arXiv:2210.01853v1 [cs.CR] 4 Oct 2022

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摘要：

Privacy-PatternsforIoTApplicationDevelopersNADAALHIRABI,CardiffUniversity,UKandKingSaudUniversity,SaudiArabiaSTEPHANIEBEAUMONT,MyDataFixLtd,UKOMERRANA,CardiffUniversity,UKCHARITHPERERA,CardiffUniversity,UKDesigningInternetofthings(IoT)applications(apps)ischallengingduetotheheterogeneousnatureofthesy...

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