1 Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals Underwater using Surface Electromagnetic Waves

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Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals

Underwater using Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Igor I. Smolyaninov, Quirino Balzano, and Mark Barry

Abstract—A portable radio communication system operating in

the 30 MHz band and capable of transmitting high-definition live

underwater video images is presented. The system operation is

based on launching electromagnetic surface waves propagating

along water-air interface using specially designed surface wave

antennas. Since the propagation length of the surface

electromagnetic waves far exceeds the skin depth of bulk radio

waves at the same frequency, this technique is useful for video

communication underwater over distances of several meters. Also,

this system appears to be efficient at communicating through the

water-air interface.

Index Terms—Surface electromagnetic wave, underwater

communication, high-definition video, software-defined radio.

I. INTRODUCTION

IRELESS video communication underwater remains

an unsolved problem which considerably limits

undersea exploration. For safety and efficiency,

divers, unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), and other subsea

equipment may need to communicate with each other, or with

their surface or shore-based support teams. Currently developed

underwater acoustic and optical communication systems

provide scarce capabilities. The limited bandwidth and large

latency of acoustic communication devices does not permit

efficient transmission of live high-definition video signals

underwater [1,2]. On the other hand, the range of optical

wireless communication systems in turbid water may be as

short as ~ 0.1 m [3,4].

Very recently it was demonstrated that surface

electromagnetic wave-based radio communication underwater

may become a viable alternative to acoustic and optical wireless

communication techniques [5,6]. Since propagation length of

the surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) far exceeds the skin

depth of the conventional radio waves at the same frequency

[7,8], this technique may become useful for broadband radio

communication underwater over practical distances. In this

paper we will demonstrate that the bandwidth of such radio

communication systems is large enough to achieve live high-

definition video communication underwater. Moreover, we will

also show that such surface wave systems may be used to

directly communicate through the water-air interface, which is

known to be extremely difficult for acoustic and optical

communication systems [9].

I. I. Smolyaninov and M. Barry are with the Saltenna LLC, McLean, VA

22102-4903 USA (e-mail: igor.smolyaninov@saltenna.com;

mark.barry@saltenna.com).

Fig. 1. (a) Assumed model of the ~ 5 cm wavy transition

layer near the air-water interface. (b) Real (black) and

imaginary (magenta and red) parts of the effective potential

energy near the air-water interface calculated for the 30 MHz

frequency band using Eq.(1). The modeled water salinity was

0.2% (magenta) and 3.5% (red). The SEW state is indicated by

the green arrow.

II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Let us consider the macroscopic Maxwell equations in a non-

magnetic (



r=1) medium, in which the dielectric permittivity

(

)

is continuous, and it depends only on z coordinate (as

shown in Fig.1a). The continuous function

(

)

describes a

transition from water to air which occurs gradually around z=0,

due to the waviness of the water surface. In such a geometry we

may search for source-free modes propagating in the x direction

)( tkxi



−

where k is the wave vector. As described in detail in

ref. [7], surface electromagnetic wave solutions of the

Q. Balzano is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

University of Maryland, College Park,MD 20742 USA (e-mail:

qbalzano@umd.edu).

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1TransmissionofHigh-DefinitionVideoSignalsUnderwaterusingSurfaceElectromagneticWavesIgorI.Smolyaninov,QuirinoBalzano,andMarkBarryAbstract—Aportableradiocommunicationsystemoperatinginthe30MHzbandandcapableoftransmittinghigh-definitionliveunderwatervideoimagesispresented.Thesystemoperationisbasedonlau...

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1 Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals Underwater using Surface Electromagnetic Waves

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