All-optical sub-Kelvin sympathetic cooling of a levitated microsphere in vacuum

2025-04-22 0 0 1.06MB 3 页 10玖币

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Yoshihiko Arita,1, ∗Graham D. Bruce,1Ewan M. Wright,2, 1 Stephen

H. Simpson,3Pavel Zem´anek,3and Kishan Dholakia1, 2, 4, 5, †

1SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews,

North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom

2Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona,

1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

3Institute of Scientiﬁc Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science,

v.v.i., Kr´alovopolsk´a 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic

4Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea

5School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

We demonstrate all-optical sympathetic cooling of a laser-trapped microsphere to sub-Kelvin tem-

peratures, mediate by optical binding to a feedback-cooled adjacent particle. Our study opens

prospects for multi-particle quantum entanglement and sensing in levitated optomechanics.

This article was published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons

Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s)

and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.466337

Single, levitated mesoscopic objects are providing an ex-

cellent platform for sensing weak forces [1] and explor-

ing the classical-quantum boundary with massive objects

[2] due to their weak coupling to the environment and

the ability to cool their centre of mass (CoM) motion.

Intriguing possibilities have been proposed for interact-

ing systems comprising multiple levitated particles, in-

cluding quantum gravity measurements [3], dark matter

detection [4] and quantum friction measurement [5], al-

though there are currently few experimental demonstra-

tions trapping multiple particles [6–9].

The path to systems of interacting, massive quan-

tum objects requires simultaneous cooling of multiple

trapped particles. We take inspiration from experiments

with cold neutral atoms [10] and atomic ions [11], where

an actively cooled object can be used to sympathet-

ically cool another. Recently, sympathetic cooling of

two charged particles held in a Paul trap was shown

[8]. While Coulomb forces provide strong interactions

between particles, they also couple strongly to the envi-

ronment. Hence, an all-optical alternative is desirable,

especially for compatibility with state-of-the-art ground

state cooling methods [2].

Towards this goal, we have developed an optical tweez-

ers system (Fig. 1(a)) that can trap more than one parti-

cle, mediate inter-particle separation and perform para-

metric feedback (PFB) cooling [12] on one particle. Two

rotating microparticles conﬁned in separate but close-

proximity traps exhibit optical binding, a light scattering

mediated interaction whose strength is dependent on the

inter-particle separation [6]. We show, for the ﬁrst time,

the use of this optical binding to perform sympathetic

cooling: by applying PFB cooling to one particle, the

∗ya10@st-andrews.ac.uk

†kd1@st-andrews.ac.uk

FIG. 1. Sympathetic cooling scheme and numerical simula-

tions. (a) Optical binding couples the centre-of-mass motion

of two microspheres (depicted as a spring between the parti-

cles). When feedback cooling is applied to the left particle,

the right particle is sympathetically cooled. (b-c) Time evolu-

tion of simulated centre-of-mass temperatures T1(solid lines)

and T2(dashed lines) for the feedback-cooled and sympathet-

ically cooled particle respectively, versus gas pressure for (b)

ξ/κ = 0.01 and (c) ξ/κ = 0.1. (d) Simulated steady-state

temperatures T1(blue) and T2(red) as a function of gas pres-

sure for diﬀerent binding strengths.

adjacent particle is sympathetically cooled to sub-Kelvin

temperatures.

We modelled the motion of two particles, optically

bound along the x-axis and labelled j= 1,2, using a

Langevin equation for each particle [6]. The determin-

istic forces acting on the particles along the x-axis are

Fj=−κxj+ξx3−j. Here, κis the trap stiﬀness for each

individual particle, and ξdescribes the inter-particle cou-

pling due to optical binding. The ratio ξ/κ (typically

arXiv:2210.01458v1 [physics.optics] 4 Oct 2022

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摘要：

All-opticalsub-KelvinsympatheticcoolingofalevitatedmicrosphereinvacuumYoshihikoArita,1,GrahamD.Bruce,1EwanM.Wright,2,1StephenH.Simpson,3PavelZemanek,3andKishanDholakia1,2,4,5,y1SUPA,SchoolofPhysics&Astronomy,UniversityofStAndrews,NorthHaugh,StAndrews,KY169SS,UnitedKingdom2WyantCollegeofOpticalScie...

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All-optical sub-Kelvin sympathetic cooling of a levitated microsphere in vacuum

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