
Some varieties went extinct, never finding their needed habitat, but others thrived,
harvesting carbon out of the all-too-plentiful CO2 and releasing oxygen and, at an
exponential rate, reproducing.
Next, when the temperatures began to subside, came the lichens, desert, arctic,
jungle, temperate—tiny filaments of fungus surrounding algae cells. These soredium
fell like fine ash, scattered through the atmosphere to fall gently to the rocky surface.
In some regions the fungus couldn’t attach to the rock, or there wasn’t enough
water, or sunlight, or there was too high a concentration of heavy metals, or it was
too hot, or too cold, or any of a hundred other versions of just not right. But
elsewhere, in the cracks, in drifts of crumbling rock, and in basins of dust, they
thrived, the fungal layers absorbing minerals and water while the algae did their
photosynthetic magic with CO2 and sunlight.
Right behind the lichens came the decomposers, bacteria and fungi critical to the
breakdown of biological material. The fungal filaments of lichen found tiny cracks
and flaked off bit after bit of rock. And as parts of the lichen aged, or conditions
changed, they died, and the decomposers went to work, mixing with the dust and
water—a simple sort of topsoil was born.
Later the grasses, clovers, and other complex groundcovers came, along with
simple aquatic plants, and desmids and other freshwater plant plankton, more
ablative capsules put in deliberately decaying orbits and entering the atmosphere like
clockwork—ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty years after the lichens. Freeze-dried
bundles of bacteria, fungi, and seeds encased in nutrient pellets fell like rain to die,
flourish, or lie in wait.
These early arrivals were limited to those varieties that could self-pollinate or
spread asexually, by budding and branching. Their root systems were, for the most
part, shallow. Except for pockets and basins where natural forces had concentrated
dust and rubble before the arrival of life, the new soil was thin and tenuous, easily
disturbed by wind and water.
The first insects arrived by parachute, in capsules targeted on the highest
concentrations of reflected chlorophyll spectra. While the capsules still floated high
above the ground, small openings ejected newly revived impregnated queens of the
honeybee, the Asian carpenter bee, and the bumblebee, as well as fireflies, caddis
flies, nonbiting midges, cockroaches, and lac bugs. Closer to the ground, the
capsules scattered earthworms, butterfly larvae, crane-fly larvae, and crickets.
Specialized capsules delivered animal plankton—rotifers, copepods, and
cladocerans—to bodies of water large enough to detect from orbit.
The next spring came the predators: praying mantises, ladybugs, ground beetles,
and other insects. Spiders included the orb weaver, trapdoor, tarantula, jumping, and
wolf. The capsules scattered them wide, ejected kilometers above the surface in
gossamer packets of protein webbing that slowed their fall. On the ground, the
webbing broke down, oxidized within minutes of creation, freeing the spiders and