senility. Disease, starvation, accident, murder, war, childbirth, and other
violences cut down most humans long before senility set in. But a human who
passed all these hurdles still could expect death from old age sometime
between seventy-five and one hundred. Very few reached one hundred;
nevertheless every population group had its tiny minority of "centenarians."
There is a legend about "Old Toni Parr" who is supposed to have died in 1635
aged one hundred and fifty-two years. Whether or not the legend is true,
probability analysis of demographic data of that era shows that some
individuals must have lived a century and a half. But they were few indeed.
The Foundation started its work as a prescientific breeding experiment,
as nothing was then known of genetics: Adults of long-lived stock were
encouraged to mate with others like them, money being the inducement.
Unsurprisingly the inducement worked. Equally unsurprisingly this
experiment worked, as it was an empirical method used by stockbreeders for
centuries before the science of genetics came into being: Breed to reinforce
one characteristic, then eliminate the culls.
The Families' Archives do not show how the earliest culls were
eliminated; they simply show that some were eliminated from the Families-root
and branch, all descendants-for the unforgivable sin of dying of old age too
young.
By the Crisis of 2136 all members of the Howard Families had life
expectancies in excess of one hundred and fifty years, and some had exceeded
that age. The cause of that crisis seems unbelievable-yet all records both
from inside and from outside the Families agree on it. The Howard Families
were in extreme danger from all other humans simply because they lived so
"long." Why this was true is a matter for group psychologists, not for a
record-keeper. But it was true.
They were seized and concentrated in a prison camp, and were about to be
tortured to death in an attempt to wrest from them their "secret" of "eternal
youth." Fact-not myth.
Here the Senior comes into the story. Through audacity, a talent for
lying convincingly, and what would seem to most people today a childish
delight in adventure and intrigue for its own sake, the Senior brought off the
greatest jailbreak of all time, stealing a primitive starship and escaping
right out of the Solar System with all of the Howard Families (then numbering
about 100,000 men, women, and children).
If this seems impossible-so many people and just one ship-remember that
the first starships were enormously bigger than the ones we now use. They were
self-sustaining artificial planetoids intended to remain in space for many
years at speeds below that of light; they had to be huge.
The Senior was not the only hero of that Exodus. But in all the varied
and sometimes conflicting accounts that have come down to us, he was always
the driving force. He was our Moses who led his people out of bondage.
He brought them home again three-quarters of a century later (2210) --
but not into bondage. For that date, Year One of the Standard Galactic
calendar, marks the opening of the Great Diaspora...caused by extreme
population pressure on Old Home Terra, and made possible by two new factors:
the Libby-Sheffield Para-Drive as it was known then (not a "drive" in any true
sense, but a means of manipulating n-dimensional spaces), and the first (and
simplest) of effective longevity techniques: new blood grown in vitro.
The Howard Families caused this to happen simply by escaping. The short-
lived humans back on Terra, still convinced that the long-lived families
possessed a "secret," set about trying to find it by wide and systematic
research, and, as always, research paid off serendipitously, not with the
nonexistent "secret" but with something almost as good: a therapy, and
eventually a sheaf of therapies, for postponing old age, and for extending
vigor, virility, and fertility.