Kathleen O'Neal & Michael W. Gear - People 3 - People Of The Earth

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PEOPLE OF THE EARTH

Kathleen O'Neal Gear & W. Michael Gear

By Kathleen O'Neal Gear & W. Michael Gear from Tom Doherty Associates

the anasazi mysteries

The Visitant the first north americans series

People of the Wolf

People of the Fire People of the Earth People of the River

People of the Sea

People of the Lakes

People of the Lightning

People of the Silence

People of the Mist People of the Masks

By Kathleen O'Neal Gear

Thin Moon and Cold Mist

Sand in the Wind This Widowed Land

By W. Michael Gear

Long Ride Home

Big Horn Legacy

The Morning River

Coyote Summer

PEOPLE OF THE EARTH

by W Michael Gear and

Kathleen O'Neal Gear

TOR

A TOM DOHERTY ASSOCIATES BOOK

NEW YORK

NOTE: If you purchased this book without a cover you should be aware

that this book is stolen property. It was reported as "unsold and

destroyed" to the publisher, and neither the author nor the publisher

has received any payment for this "stripped book."

This is a work of fiction. All the characters and events portrayed in

this book are fictitious, and any resemblance to real people or events

is purely coincidental.

PEOPLE OF THE EARTH

portions thereof, in any form.

Cover art by Royo

Maps and interior art by Ellisa Mitchell

A Tor Book

Published by Tom Doherty Associates, LLC

175 Fifth Avenue

New York, NY 10010

www.tor.com

Tor is a registered trademark of Tom Doherty Associates, LLC.

ISBN: 0-812-50742-8

First edition: February 1992

Printed in the United States of America

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

To Ray Leicht, Ph.D. for helping to hold up the wall one bleary-eyed

Saturday night at the Plains Anthropological Conference in Bismarck,

North Dakota--and everything that came of that conversation.

and

In special memory of

J.B. Saratoga Tedi Bear

June 3, 1975

to October 10, 1990

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We owe special thanks to Michael Seidman. As Executive Editor for Tor

Books, Michael thought the reading public would appreciate novels on

American prehistory written by archaeologists. If you've enjoyed the

series so far, thank Michael.

In writing People of the Earth, we owe a great deal to Diane Berrigan

for providing her collection of source material on Early Archaic house

pits and structures. Marv and Patricia Hatcher, of Pronghorn

Anthropological Associates, photocopied an incredible number of

archaeological reports for our use. Ted Hoefer, of Archaeological

Services of Western Wyoming College, presented us with a copy of his

Master's thesis: EVIDENCE FOR ARCHAIC PERIOD DOMESTIC SHELTERS IN THE

INTERMOUNTAIN WEST. Lynn Harrel, archaeologist for the Kemmerer

Resource Area, BLM; Scott McKern, staff archaeologist for Western

Wyoming College; Anne Wilson, U.S.F.S. archaeologist, Kootenai National

Forest; Gene Driggers, U.S.F.S. archaeologist; Jude Carino, Casper

District archaeologist, BLM; and Jamie Shoen, U.S.F.S. archaeologist,

Bridger-Teton National Forest, helped hone the ideas on micro

environmental resource exploitation and social structure used in this

book. We hashed it all out during the 1989 Little Snake Archaeological

Rendezvous.

Jim Truesdale, National Park Service archaeologist for Dinosaur

National Monument and expert of High Plains and Montane burial

practices, provided input on mortuary behavior.

Bill Davis and Debbie Westfal Principal Investigators of Abajo

Archaeology in Bluff, Utah, deserve special mention for allowing us to

work on archaic pit houses in Emory County, Utah .. . and we haven't

forgotten the jalap enos either!

Justin Bridges and Irene Keinert of Wind River Knives donated time and

expertise photographing archaeological sites thanks for your constant

encouragement.

Phyllis Boardman and Jean Murdock allowed us access to archaeological

sites.

A very special thank you is sent to botanist, John Mionczynski, for

sharing his incredible knowledge of Western American wild plant

resources and their nutritional and medicinal value.

Butt and Rose Crow kept Guinness and Chimay Ale in the Ramshorn Inn

every time we needed an escape to talk about the book in neutral

surroundings.

Special kudos go to our editor, Harriet McDougal, for the finest

critique we've ever had on a manuscript. Good editors are hard to

find, and, Harriet, you're one of the best. To Linda Quinton, Debby

Tobias, and Ralph Arnote: Thanks for everything, you are the best in

the business. Tom Doherty, Heather Wood and the superb team at Tor

Books did the rest.

And special thanks to Don and Patty Woerz for last minute rescues.

FOREWORD

In the novel People of the Wolf we discussed the retreat of the last

glaciation around fifteen thousand years ago and the migration of the

first Native Americans into the virgin continent of North America. Over

the following millennia, the climate grew progressively warmer and

dryer. These increasingly xeric (hot and dry) conditions restricted

the range of large game animals and this, coupled with human predation

and environmental stress, drove many game species such as giant sloth,

horse, and camel to extinction. By seven thousand years ago, the

interior of North America was locked in a drought known to pre

historians as the Altithermal. The second novel in the series, People

of the Fire, is set in this period, when bands of human hunters turned

increasingly to the collection of plant resources.

Exploitation of the environment appears to have become specialized

during the Altithermal. Recent archaeological discoveries that have

occurred as a result of increased energy development and federal

cultural-resource protection have uncovered a wealth of new

information. Among the more exciting discoveries, researchers have

excavated the remains of earthen structures which indicate that some

human groups may have restricted their range, becoming semi nomadic and

basing their subsistence on intensive utilization of plant and animal

resources in a given locale. The appearance of such structures

fifty-five hundred years ago (four thousand years before their

Southwestern Basketmaker counterparts) has reoriented our understanding

of the Early Archaic. Where once we thought that Early Archaic peoples

lived on the ragged

edge of starvation, we now know they used their environment to an

extent perhaps unequaled in the archaeological record.

Sometime in the last five thousand years, a major group of people

spread across the western portion of North America. Today we know

these people by the similarities of their language: Uto-Aztecan. In

People of the Earth, we've placed the southward migration of

Uto-Aztecan peoples at the end of the Early Archaic period.

Perhaps the most frequently asked question about our prehistory books

is: "Did people really talk like that?" The general perception that

our prehistoric forebears were grunting savages is widespread. It

comes largely from movies that portray Native American tribes as semi

human barbarians who speak in half-sentences. The image is quite

simply false. Our best linguistic theories, which search all

modern-day native languages to find "root languages"--the original

language, or languages from which our current-day versions spring

suggest that prehistoric peoples in North America spoke with as much

sophistication as we do. The earliest White impressions of tribal

languages further strengthen these theories. In the seventeenth

century, French missionaries among the Huron reported that European

languages could not compare with the complexity and intricacy of the

Huron language. The Hopi still use verb tenses unheard of in English,

and the Arapaho communicate in two separate languages, one for common

use, the other for ceremonial purposes, much as Latin was once used by

the Catholic church.

Our books' characters speak in coherent, refined sentences, because the

best scientific theories suggest that they did. And our primary goal

in writing this prehistory series is to provide the reader with the

most accurate portrait of prehistoric life ways in North America that

we, as archaeologists, can. You will not find any convenient-

stereotypes here.

If this series spawns an interest in American prehistory, your local

librarian or bookstore can direct you to books on

the subject. Or contact your State Historic Preservation Office, the

Bureau of Land Management, or the Forest Service, for further

information. It's your cultural heritage.

Introduction

Township 23 North, Range 96 West, 6th Principal Meridian.

Dust rolled up in a light tan smudge behind Skip Gillespie's big white

four-wheel-drive pickup. The three-quarter ton Ford pounded across

potholes, puffing gouts of powdery grit out from under the all-terrain

tires. Skip winced and bounced around in the cab as the truck

chattered over washboard and hammered over a ditch where runoff had

carved a gash in the dirt road.

"Damn. Gotta get a patrol to smooth this sucker out." He glanced over

at the construction site that appeared as he crested a low,

sagebrush-dotted ridge. The road snaked down into the basin and wound

around through the scabby grease wood to the plant site. At this early

stage it didn't look like much, just ripped and torn dirt where the

heavy equipment had begun to shape the parched clay and sand into a

flat spot. One day it would be a collection-and-processing center for

oil and natural gas--one of the largest, and most expensive, plants in

the country. But now the brightly colored earth moving machinery lay

idling in the harsh noon-hour sun while the crews ate lunch. Black

smoke rose in dwindling columns from the diesel stacks to fade into the

hot, dry air.

Skip followed the bladed road down the ridge and raced across the flats

ahead of the dust trail that billowed behind the Ford in a rising white

plume.

Despite the intrusive construction, the eternal presence of the pale,

sun-washed land couldn't be ignored. From the infinite enamel-blue sky

to the erosion-scarred buttes that hemmed the distance, the land

dominated. It waited--sere, windswept, populated only by sagebrush,

greasewood, salt bush, and endless patches of glaring white clay. Here

and

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PEOPLEOFTHEEARTHbyKathleenO'NealGear&W.MichaelGearByKathleenO'NealGear&W.MichaelGearfromTomDohertyAssociatestheanasazimysteriesTheVisitantthefirstnorthamericansseriesPeopleoftheWolfPeopleoftheFirePeopleoftheEarthPeopleoftheRiverPeopleoftheSeaPeopleoftheLakesPeopleoftheLightningPeopleoftheSilencePeop...

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Kathleen O'Neal & Michael W. Gear - People 3 - People Of The Earth

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