Linux命令大全完整版

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Linux 命令大全完整版
目 录
目 录..................................................................................................................................................I
1. linux 系统管理命令........................................................................................................................1
adduser........................................................................................................................................1
chfn(change finger information).................................................................................................1
chsh(change shell).......................................................................................................................1
date..............................................................................................................................................2
exit...............................................................................................................................................3
finger...........................................................................................................................................4
free...............................................................................................................................................5
fwhois..........................................................................................................................................5
gitps(gnu interactive tools process status)..................................................................................5
groupdel(group delete)................................................................................................................6
groupmod(group modify)............................................................................................................6
halt...............................................................................................................................................7
id..................................................................................................................................................7
kill................................................................................................................................................8
last...............................................................................................................................................8
lastb.............................................................................................................................................8
login.............................................................................................................................................9
logname.......................................................................................................................................9
logout...........................................................................................................................................9
logrotate.......................................................................................................................................9
newgrp.......................................................................................................................................10
nice............................................................................................................................................10
procinfo(process information)...................................................................................................11
ps(process status)......................................................................................................................11
pstree(process status tree).........................................................................................................14
reboot.........................................................................................................................................15
renice.........................................................................................................................................15
rlogin(remote login)..................................................................................................................16
rsh(remote shell).......................................................................................................................16
rwho...........................................................................................................................................16
screen.........................................................................................................................................17
shutdown...................................................................................................................................17
sliplogin.....................................................................................................................................18
su(super user)............................................................................................................................18
sudo...........................................................................................................................................19
suspend......................................................................................................................................19
swatch(simple watcher)............................................................................................................20
tload...........................................................................................................................................20
top..............................................................................................................................................21
uname........................................................................................................................................21
useradd......................................................................................................................................22
userconf.....................................................................................................................................22
userdel.......................................................................................................................................23
usermod.....................................................................................................................................23
vlock(virtual console lock).......................................................................................................24
w................................................................................................................................................24
who............................................................................................................................................25
whoami......................................................................................................................................25
whois.........................................................................................................................................25
2. linux 系统设置命令......................................................................................................................27
alias............................................................................................................................................27
apmd(advanced power management BIOS daemon)...............................................................27
aumix(audio mixer)...................................................................................................................27
bind............................................................................................................................................29
chkconfig(check config)...........................................................................................................29
chroot(change root)...................................................................................................................30
clock..........................................................................................................................................30
crontab.......................................................................................................................................31
II
declare.......................................................................................................................................31
depmod(depend module)..........................................................................................................32
dircolors.....................................................................................................................................32
dmesg........................................................................................................................................33
enable........................................................................................................................................33
eval............................................................................................................................................33
export.........................................................................................................................................33
fbset(frame buffer setup)...........................................................................................................34
grpconv(group convert to shadow password)...........................................................................35
grpunconv(group unconvert from shadow password)..............................................................35
hwclock(hardware clock)..........................................................................................................35
insmod(install module).............................................................................................................36
kbdconfig...................................................................................................................................36
lilo(linux loader).......................................................................................................................37
liloconfig...................................................................................................................................38
lsmod(list modules)...................................................................................................................38
minfo.........................................................................................................................................38
mkkickstart................................................................................................................................39
modinfo(module infomation)....................................................................................................39
modprobe(module probe)..........................................................................................................39
mouseconfig..............................................................................................................................40
ntsysv.........................................................................................................................................41
passwd(password).....................................................................................................................41
pwconv......................................................................................................................................41
pwunconv..................................................................................................................................42
rdate(receive date).....................................................................................................................42
resize..........................................................................................................................................42
rmmod(remove module)...........................................................................................................42
rpm(redhat package manager)..................................................................................................43
set..............................................................................................................................................46
setconsole..................................................................................................................................47
setenv(set environment variable)..............................................................................................48
III
setup..........................................................................................................................................48
sndconfig...................................................................................................................................48
SVGAText Mode.......................................................................................................................49
timeconfig.................................................................................................................................49
ulimit.........................................................................................................................................50
unalias.......................................................................................................................................50
unset..........................................................................................................................................51
3. linux 文档编辑命令......................................................................................................................52
col..............................................................................................................................................52
colrm(column remove)..............................................................................................................52
comm(common)........................................................................................................................52
csplit(context split)....................................................................................................................53
ed(editor)...................................................................................................................................53
egrep..........................................................................................................................................54
ex...............................................................................................................................................54
fgrep(fixed regexp)...................................................................................................................54
fmt(fromat)................................................................................................................................54
fold............................................................................................................................................55
grep............................................................................................................................................55
ispell(interactive spelling checking).........................................................................................57
jed..............................................................................................................................................58
joe..............................................................................................................................................58
join.............................................................................................................................................60
look............................................................................................................................................61
mtype.........................................................................................................................................61
pico............................................................................................................................................62
rgrep(recursive grep).................................................................................................................62
sed(stream editor)......................................................................................................................63
sort.............................................................................................................................................64
spell...........................................................................................................................................65
tr(translate character)................................................................................................................65
uniq............................................................................................................................................65
IV
wc(word count).........................................................................................................................66
4. linux 压缩备份命令......................................................................................................................67
ar................................................................................................................................................67
bunzip2......................................................................................................................................68
bzip2..........................................................................................................................................68
bzip2recover..............................................................................................................................69
compress....................................................................................................................................69
cpio(copy in/out).......................................................................................................................70
dump..........................................................................................................................................72
gunzip(gnu unzip).....................................................................................................................73
gzexe(gzip executable)..............................................................................................................74
gzip(gnu zip).............................................................................................................................74
lha..............................................................................................................................................75
restore........................................................................................................................................76
tar(tape archive)........................................................................................................................77
unarj...........................................................................................................................................80
unzip..........................................................................................................................................81
zip..............................................................................................................................................82
zipinfo.......................................................................................................................................83
5.linux 文件管理命令.......................................................................................................................85
diff(differential).........................................................................................................................85
diffstat(differential status).........................................................................................................86
file..............................................................................................................................................87
find............................................................................................................................................87
git(gnu interactive tools)...........................................................................................................90
gitview(gnu interactie tools viewer).........................................................................................91
ln(link).......................................................................................................................................91
locate.........................................................................................................................................92
lsattr(list attribute).....................................................................................................................92
mattrib.......................................................................................................................................93
mc(midnight commander).........................................................................................................93
mcopy........................................................................................................................................94
V
mdel...........................................................................................................................................94
mktemp......................................................................................................................................95
mmove.......................................................................................................................................95
mread.........................................................................................................................................95
mren...........................................................................................................................................96
mshowfat...................................................................................................................................96
mtools........................................................................................................................................96
mtoolstest..................................................................................................................................96
mv..............................................................................................................................................97
od(octal dump)..........................................................................................................................97
paste...........................................................................................................................................98
patch..........................................................................................................................................99
rcp(remote copy).....................................................................................................................101
rhmask.....................................................................................................................................101
rm(remove)..............................................................................................................................101
slocate(secure locate)..............................................................................................................102
split..........................................................................................................................................102
tee............................................................................................................................................103
tmpwatch(temporary watch)...................................................................................................103
touch........................................................................................................................................103
umask......................................................................................................................................104
whereis....................................................................................................................................104
which.......................................................................................................................................105
cat............................................................................................................................................105
chattr(change attribute)...........................................................................................................106
chgrp(change group)...............................................................................................................106
chmod(change mode)..............................................................................................................107
chown(change owner).............................................................................................................108
cksum(check sum)...................................................................................................................109
cmp(compare).........................................................................................................................109
cp(copy)...................................................................................................................................110
cut............................................................................................................................................111
VI
indent.......................................................................................................................................111
6.linux 文件传输命令.....................................................................................................................115
bye...........................................................................................................................................115
ftp(file transfer protocol).........................................................................................................115
ftpcount....................................................................................................................................115
ftpshut(ftp shutdown)..............................................................................................................115
ftpwho......................................................................................................................................116
ncftp(nc file transfer protocol)................................................................................................116
tftp(trivial file transfer protocol).............................................................................................116
uucico......................................................................................................................................116
uucp.........................................................................................................................................117
uupick......................................................................................................................................118
uuto..........................................................................................................................................119
7. linux 磁盘管理命令....................................................................................................................120
cd(change directory)...............................................................................................................120
df(disk free).............................................................................................................................120
dirs...........................................................................................................................................121
du(disk usage).........................................................................................................................121
edquota(edit quota).................................................................................................................122
eject.........................................................................................................................................122
lndir(link directory).................................................................................................................123
ls(list).......................................................................................................................................123
mcd..........................................................................................................................................125
mdeltree...................................................................................................................................125
mdu..........................................................................................................................................126
mkdir(make directories)..........................................................................................................126
mlabel......................................................................................................................................126
mmd.........................................................................................................................................127
mmount...................................................................................................................................127
mrd..........................................................................................................................................127
mzip.........................................................................................................................................127
pwd(print working directory)..................................................................................................128
VII
quota........................................................................................................................................128
quotacheck...............................................................................................................................128
quotaoff...................................................................................................................................129
quotaon....................................................................................................................................129
repquota(report quota)............................................................................................................130
rmdir(remove directory)..........................................................................................................130
rmt(remote magnetic tape)......................................................................................................130
stat(status)...............................................................................................................................131
Tree..........................................................................................................................................131
umount.....................................................................................................................................132
8. linux 磁盘维护命令....................................................................................................................133
badblocks.................................................................................................................................133
cfdisk.......................................................................................................................................133
dd.............................................................................................................................................134
e2fsck(ext2 file system check)................................................................................................134
ext2ed(ext2 file system editor)...............................................................................................136
fdisk.........................................................................................................................................137
fsck.ext2(file system check-second filesystem).....................................................................137
fsck(file system check)...........................................................................................................138
fsck.minix(file system check-minix filesystem).....................................................................139
fsconf(file system configurator)..............................................................................................139
hdparm(hard disk parameters)................................................................................................139
losetup(loop setup)..................................................................................................................141
mbadblocks.............................................................................................................................141
mformat...................................................................................................................................141
mkbootdisk(make boot disk)..................................................................................................142
mkdosfs(make Dos file system)..............................................................................................143
mke2fs(make ext2 file system)...............................................................................................143
mkfs.ext2.................................................................................................................................144
mkfs(make file system)...........................................................................................................144
mkfs.minix..............................................................................................................................145
mkfs.msdos..............................................................................................................................145
VIII
mkinitrd(make initial ramdisk images)...................................................................................145
mkisofs(make iso file system)................................................................................................145
mkswap...................................................................................................................................147
mpartition................................................................................................................................148
sfdisk.......................................................................................................................................148
swapoff....................................................................................................................................149
swapon.....................................................................................................................................149
symlinks(symbolic links)........................................................................................................149
sync..........................................................................................................................................150
9. linux 网络通讯命令....................................................................................................................151
dip............................................................................................................................................151
getty(get teletypewriter)..........................................................................................................151
mingetty...................................................................................................................................152
ppp-off.....................................................................................................................................152
smbd(samba daemon).............................................................................................................152
telnet........................................................................................................................................153
uulog........................................................................................................................................154
uustat.......................................................................................................................................154
uux...........................................................................................................................................155
cu(call up)................................................................................................................................156
dnsconf(dns configurator).......................................................................................................157
efax..........................................................................................................................................158
httpd(http daemon)..................................................................................................................159
ifconfig....................................................................................................................................159
mesg........................................................................................................................................160
minicom...................................................................................................................................161
nc.............................................................................................................................................161
netconf.....................................................................................................................................162
netstat......................................................................................................................................162
ping..........................................................................................................................................163
pppstats(point to point protocol status)...................................................................................164
samba.......................................................................................................................................164
IX
setserial....................................................................................................................................165
shapecfg(shaper configuration)...............................................................................................165
smbd(samba daemon).............................................................................................................166
statserial(status ofserial port)..................................................................................................166
talk...........................................................................................................................................166
Tcpdump..................................................................................................................................167
testparm(test parameter)..........................................................................................................168
traceroute.................................................................................................................................168
tty(teletypewriter)....................................................................................................................169
uuname....................................................................................................................................169
wall(write all)..........................................................................................................................170
write.........................................................................................................................................170
ytalk.........................................................................................................................................170
arpwatch(ARP watcher)..........................................................................................................170
apachectl(Apache control interface).......................................................................................171
smbclient(samba client)..........................................................................................................171
pppsetup..................................................................................................................................172
10. linux 电子邮件与新闻组命令.................................................................................................173
archive.....................................................................................................................................173
ctlinnd(control the internet news daemon).............................................................................173
elm...........................................................................................................................................173
getlist.......................................................................................................................................174
inncheck(inn check)................................................................................................................174
mail..........................................................................................................................................175
mailconf...................................................................................................................................175
mailq(mail queue)...................................................................................................................175
messages..................................................................................................................................176
metamail..................................................................................................................................176
mutt..........................................................................................................................................177
nntpget.....................................................................................................................................178
pine..........................................................................................................................................178
slrn...........................................................................................................................................180
X
摘要：

Linux命令大全完整版目录目录..................................................................................................................................................I1.linux系统管理命令........................................................................................................................1add...

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