Cliff Notes - QuickReview ACT

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Cliffs Quick Review

ACT

American College Testing

Jerry Bobrow, Ph.D.

Contributing authors

Allan Casson, Ph.D.

Jean Eggenschwiler, M.A.

Rajiv Rimal, Ph.D.

Jeff Berkeley, M.S.

Karen Saenz, Ph.D.

Consultant

Don Gallaher, M.S.

8533-9_5 fm 11/19/02 4:05 PM Page i

Cliffs Quick Review

ACT

American College Testing

Jerry Bobrow, Ph.D.

Contributing authors

Allan Casson, Ph.D.

Jean Eggenschwiler, M.A.

Rajiv Rimal, Ph.D.

Jeff Berkeley, M.S.

Karen Saenz, Ph.D.

Consultant

Don Gallaher, M.S.

8533-9_5 fm 11/19/02 4:05 PM Page i

CliffsQuickReview™ACT

Published by

Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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New York, NY 10022

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Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., New York, NY

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 0-7645-8533-9

Printed in the United States of America

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Michele Spence of Cliffs

Notes for her many, many, many hours of

editing and making sure that I was on schedule.

Meeting the deadlines would have been impossi-

ble without her careful review and extra efforts.

I would also like to thank Stan Spence of

Dragon Lake Graphics for his outstanding work

on the final figures and diagrams. Finally, I

would like to thank my wife, Susan, daughter,

Jennifer (21), and sons, Adam (18) and

Jonathan (14) for their patience, moral support,

and comic relief.

Cover Photograph

Jean F. Podevin/The Image Bank

8533-9_5 fm 11/19/02 4:05 PM Page ii

Preface

iii

333

ACT

Your ACT score can make the difference!

in the college or university you attend.

Cliffs Quick Review ACT can make the difference!

in the score you get.

So don’t take a chance—take an advantage. Cliffs Quick Review ACT

was written by leading experts in the field of test preparation, experts

who have administered graduate, college entrance, and teacher cre-

dentialing test preparation programs for most of the California State

Universities for over twenty years. Get the advantage of their exper-

tise and the insights they give you by following this six-step

approach:

■Be aware. Know as much as you possibly can about the exam

before you walk in. This Cliffs Quick Review gives you this

important information in a clear and easy-to-understand way.

■Set a goal. Call some of the schools you’re interested in and

see what score you need to be accepted there. This Cliffs

Quick Review includes easy-to-use charts to help you set your

goal.

■Know the basic skills. This Cliffs Quick Review will help

you focus on which skills to review and will help you review

those skills with practice questions and easy-to-follow, com-

plete explanations.

■Understand the question types. This Cliffs Quick Review

carefully analyzes each type of question so that you’ll under-

stand how to focus on what is being asked.

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Preface

Cliffs Quick Review ACT • 8553-9-01FM3•kss•10/15/99 • <#>

■Learn strategies. This Cliffs Quick Review emphasizes

strategies and techniques for answering each type of question

and includes samples that show you what to look for and how

to apply each strategy.

■Practice. This Cliffs Quick Review includes a practice exam

with answers, complete explanations, and analysis charts to

help you spot your strengths and weaknesses.

Because your study time is valuable, you need this clear, effective,

and easy-to-use guide to give you maximum benefit in a reasonable

time. Using Cliffs Quick Review ACT and studying regularly will give

you the edge in doing your best!

iv CLIFFS QUICK REVIEW

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CONTENTS

333

ACT

INTRODUCTION

THE COMMON FORMAT OF THE ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

QUESTIONS COMMONLY ASKED ABOUT THE ACT . . . .7

TAKING THE ACT ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Key Strategies for a Positive Approach to the Exam . . . . . . . . 11

Set a goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Review basic skills necessary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Know the directions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Look for winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Don’t get stuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Eliminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

If you don’t know the answer, guess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’t misread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Use a multiple-multiple-choice technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Practice, practice, practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Erase extra marks on your answer sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

THE BASICS, THE QUESTIONS, AND THE KEY

STRATEGIES FOR THE ACT TEST SECTIONS

THE BASICS OF THE ENGLISH TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

The Skills You’ll Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Your English Test Score. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

The Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

THE ENGLISH TEST QUESTIONS AND

KEY STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

The Types of English Test Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

General Strategies for Any English Test Question. . . . . . . . . . 26

The Types of Usage and Mechanics Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

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CONTENTS

Samples and Key Strategies for the

Usage and Mechanics Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Know the common punctuation errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Understand standard grammar and usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Note the sentence structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

The Types of Rhetorical Skills Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Samples and Key Strategies for the

Rhetorical Skills Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Pay special attention to the relationship of

language to audience, strategy, and purpose. . . . . . . . . . 35

Notice how well the paragraph or essay

is organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Watch for precise, appropriate use of language. . . . . . . . . . 40

THE BASICS OF THE MATHEMATICS TEST . . . . . . . . . .43

The Skills You’ll Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Your Mathematics Test Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

The Level of Difficulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Using Your Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

The Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

THE MATHEMATICS TEST QUESTIONS

AND KEY STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

The Types of Mathematics Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Samples and Key Strategies for the

Mathematics Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Underline or circle what you’re looking for . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Simplify the problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Work forward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Work backward, from the answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Plug in simple numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Pull out information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Mark in, or fill in, the diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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CONTENTS

If no diagram is given, draw one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Use 10 or 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Approximate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Glance at the choices on procedure problems . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Be reasonable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

THE BASICS OF THE READING TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

The Skills You’ll Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Your Reading Test Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

The Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

THE READING TEST PASSAGES,

QUESTIONS, AND KEY STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

The Types of Reading Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

The Types of Reading Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Sample Passages, Questions, and

Key Strategies for the Reading Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Read the passage actively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Preread a few questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Read the passage looking for its main point

and structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Make sure that your answer is supported by

the passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Note the purpose or tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Make sure that the answer you select “answers

the question” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Take advantage of the line numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Read all the choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Use an elimination strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Three Final Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Skip a difficult passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Skim the passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Potshot questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

vii

333

ACT

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CONTENTS

THE BASICS OF THE SCIENCE

REASONING TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

The Skills You’ll Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Your Science Reasoning Test Score. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

The Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

THE SCIENCE REASONING TEST PASSAGES,

QUESTIONS, AND KEY STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

The Types of Science Reasoning Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

The Science Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

General Strategies for Any Science Reasoning

Test Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Sample Passages, Questions, and Key Strategies

for Data Representation Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Focus on understanding what information

is given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Don’t memorize the information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Perform basic calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Reason from the information given. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Look for obvious large changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Work with the information given. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Draw conclusions, form hypotheses, and

make predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Sample Passages, Questions, and Key Strategies

for Research Summary Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Focus on the purpose of the study or experiment(s),

their differences, similarities, and outcomes. . . . . . . . . . 99

Consider possible hypotheses or generalizations . . . . . . . 100

Watch for the methods used and the design . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Notice what may be suggested by the evidence

or outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Understand how the data are displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

viii CLIFFS QUICK REVIEW

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