专题07 阅读理解（解析版）

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【查补知识漏洞·通关练】

专题 07 阅读理解

（解析版）

（2023·山东淄博·中考真题）Have you ever read Andersen’s fairy tale The Ugly Duckling (丑小鸭)? Do you

know that his motherland is Denmark? It lies in northern Europe. Let me tell you something about it.

You can find almost any fast food in Denmark, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. Danish open-faced

sandwiches are not only delicious, but also pretty and fun. They are works of art. Tasting some is an experience that

shouldn’t be missed.

“Lego” toys were created in Denmark. The toys were made of wood before. Building with Legos helps

students learn about engineering, physics and technology in a fun way. In 1968, the first Legoland theme park

opened in Billund, Denmark. Today, there are Legoland parks in California, Florida, Malaysia, Dubai, Windsor,

Japan and Germany.

Bicycling is popular in Denmark. Nine out of ten Danes have a bike. They ride their bikes no matter what the

weather. They aren’t just riding bikes for fun. They use bikes to get to work, to take their kids to places, and even to

carry goods. Today, more and more people are choosing bikes over cars. They have a saying in Denmark: “A

bicycle is a Dane’s best friend.”

Denmark is called the land of fairy tales. Andersen’s another popular fairy tale is The Little Mermaid (美人鱼).

The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous landmark since 1913. The Danes

believe that she brings them good luck.

1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．The Ugly Duckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fast food.

2．According to Paragraph 4, we can call Denmark “________”.

A．the country of bikes B．the land of fairy stories

C．the capital of art D．the home of Legos

3．Which of the following is true about the Little Mermaid statue?

A．It’s called fairy land. B．It was built by Andersen.

C．It welcomes the ships there. D．It has been there for about 110 years.

4．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Fairy tales. B．Andersen’s life.

C．Some facts about Denmark. D．The history of Denmark.

【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C

【解析】本文主要介绍了关于丹麦的一些事情。

1．词义猜测题。根据“Do you know that his motherland is Denmark? It lies in northern Europe.”（你知道他的

祖国是丹麦吗，它位于北欧）可知此处 it 指代“丹麦”。故选 B。

2．细节理解题。根据“Bicycling is popular in Denmark”可知自行车在丹麦很受欢迎，所以可以叫丹麦为

“自行车之国”。故选 A。

3．细节理解题。根据“The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous

landmark since 1913”可知自 1913 年以来，小美人鱼雕像一直被视为丹麦最著名的地标，所以小美人鱼雕像

已经在那里大约 110 年了。故选 D。

4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了关于丹麦的一些事情。故选 C。

一. 解题策略

1.先读问题，弄清考查要点。

先读问题可弄清考点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。

2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。

浏览全文时注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文

章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题

3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。

细读原文，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：

① 抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把 What (事件)，When（时间），

Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章

的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。

② 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，

指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物

心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。

③ 注意领会文章的寓意。

④根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的

题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一

遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。

4.重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题

思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以

便减少失误。

二、主要题型及解题技巧

1.主旨大意题（To nd out the main idea）

其目的是考查考生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。

解题技巧：

①抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨

找主题句，应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句一般具有以下特征：概括全

段思想；一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中；

解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main

idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背

景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

③抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心

主旨题常见的命题形式：

(1) The main idea of the passage is…….

(2) This passage is mainly about…….

(3) The author’s purpose in writing this text is…….

(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(5) What’s the topic of the text?

典例：

1.What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?

A.Many parents don’t understand kids’ language in their blogs.

B.Many parents are worried about these young bloggers.

C.Many parents can’t understand why their kids don’t like studying.

2.What is the passage about?

A.Repairing old computers.

B.Selling old computers.

C.Recycling old computers.

2.细节理解题( To look for details)

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

细节理解题常考题型：1、是非题 2、例证题 3、年代与数字 4、比较 5、原因 6、事实排序

题 7、直接信息题 8、间接信息题 9、综合信息题…

解题技巧： (1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。

(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。

(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。

细节题常见的命题形式：

Which of the followingis True/Not True?

In the passage, which of the following is mentioned?

All of the following statements are true except…

Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. Where, how, who, why, how

long 等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。

典例：

1. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. My brothers, my sisters and I would sometimes <ght about which channel to watch

when I was a child.

B. These days, there is only one channel with old movies, cooking and <shing.

C. People have many channels to choose from now.

3、猜测词义题( To guess the meaning)

猜测词义题主要考查考生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能

力的主要组成部分，初中英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂

含有3%左右生词的语言材料。

解题技巧：

①通过因果关系猜测词义；

首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如 because, as,

since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore 等）表示前因后果。

Eg: You shouldn’t have blame him for that, for it wasn’t his fault.

通过for 引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出 blame 的词义是责备。

②通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；

通过同义词猜词，一要看由and 或or 连接的同义词词组，如：happy and gay, 即使我们不认识

gay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。如：Man was

knowing something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.

此句中Venus，Mars，Jupiter 均为生词，但是只要知道 planets 就可以猜出这几个词都是属于“行星”

义域。

通过反义词猜词，一看表转折关系的连词或副词，如：but, while, however 等；二看与 not 搭配的

表示否定意义的词。如：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 根据 not at all

… handsome 就不难推测，homely 意为不英俊，不漂亮之意。

③通过构词法猜测词义；

阅读文章时，总会遇到新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推测，而他们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的

作用，此时，如果掌握了一些常用的合成、派生、转化等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

④通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；

Eg: But sometimes, no rain falls for a long long time. Then there is a dry period, or

drought. 从drought 所在句子的上下文我们可以得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即

drought. 由此可见drought 意为“久旱”、“旱灾”，而a dry period 和drought 是同义词。这种同

义或释义关系常为：is, or, that is, in other words, be called 或破折号等来表示。

⑤通过描述猜测词义；

⑥用知识和生活经验猜测词义；

⑦根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。

常见命题形式如下：

(1)The word “…” in the passage probably means_________.

(2)What does the word “…”mean_________.

(3)The underlined(划线的) word means_________.

(4)The close meaning of the underlined word“…”is _________in English .

(5)The word “…”refers to _________.

典例：

1.In the 2nd paragraph, the close meaning of the underlined word“teased”is _________

in English .

A. hit B. criticized C. laughed at

2.What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “<ned”?

A. 罚款 ¹ B. 给予 C. 奖励

注意事项：

在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的

或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果

离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。

4.推理判断题（ To infer a conclusion)

推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题。推理判断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、

常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断

解题技巧：推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相

同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合

做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。

①推理深层含义的常见命题形式如下：

(1)We can infer from the passage that _______.

(2)The writer suggest that _______.

(3)From the passage, we can learn that _______.

(4)We may conclude from the passage that _______.

(5)From the passage, it can be inferred that _______.

典例：

We can learn the last paragraph that

A. It’s easy for many teenagers to give up blogging on the Internet.

B. It’s safe for many teenagers to put their personal information on the Internet.

C. It’s popular for many teenagers to use blogs on the Internet.

②推理作者意图、观点、态度的常见命题方式如下：

The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ……

In the writer’s opinion, a good school should ……

What should be the right attitude towards “…”?

The writer’s attitude toward “…” is ……

The writer mainly wants to tell us ……

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【查补知识漏洞·通关练】专题07阅读理解（解析版）（2023·山东淄博·中考真题）HaveyoueverreadAndersen’sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling(丑小鸭)?DoyouknowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,suchashamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopen-facedsandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butals...

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