Performance Analysis of the Full-Duplex Communicating-Radar Convergence System Yinghong Guo Cheng Li Chaoxian Zhang Yao Yao Senior Member IEEE Bin

2025-05-02 0 0 716.53KB 31 页 10玖币

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Performance Analysis of the Full-Duplex

Communicating-Radar Convergence System

Yinghong Guo, Cheng Li, Chaoxian Zhang, Yao Yao, Senior Member, IEEE, Bin

Xia, Senior Member, IEEE

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the feasibility of the spectrum sharing between the communication and

radar system. We investigate the full-duplex (FD) joint radar and communication multi-antenna system

in which a node labeled ComRad with a dual communication and radar capability is communicating with

a downlink and an uplink users, as well as detecting the target of interest simultaneously. Considering a

full interference scenario and imperfect channel state information (CSI), the fundamental performance

limits of the FD JRC system are analyzed. In particular, we ﬁrst obtain the downlink rate when the radar

signals act as interference. Then, viewing the uplink channel and radar return channel as a multiple

access channel, we propose an alternative successive interference cancellation scheme, based on which

the achievable uplink communication rate is obtained. For the radar operation, we ﬁrst derive the general

expression of the estimation rate, which quantiﬁes how much information is obtained about the target

in terms of the direction, the range and the velocity. Considering the uniform linear antenna array

and linear frequency modulated radar signals, we further obtain the exact closed-form estimation rate.

Numerical simulations reveal that the joint manner of the communication and radar operations achieves

larger rate regions compared to that of working independently.

Index Terms

Communication rate, Cram´

er-Rao lower bound, estimation information rate, joint radar and com-

munication system, rate region

I. INTRODUCTION

The development of the wireless communication technologies has to envisage the chxallenging

problem of satisfying ever-changing services with explosive data trafﬁc [1], which incurs heavy

Yinghong Guo, C. Li, Y. Yao and B. Xia are with the Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

(SJTU), Shanghai, 200240, China. Email: {yinghongguo, lichengg, sandyyao, bxia}@sjtu.edu.cn.

Chaoxian Zhang is with the School of Information Science and Engineering, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen,

363105, China. Email: zhangcx@xujc.com

arXiv:2210.12358v1 [cs.IT] 22 Oct 2022

pressure on the spectrum requirement. The spectrum deﬁcit of international mobile telecom-

munications to satisfy the ever-increasing demands becomes a major concern of the industry

and academia [2]. As a promising solution, the joint radar and communication systems have

been proposed to share the radar frequency bands with the communication system, by which

the spectrum pressure of the communication systems can be alleviated. On the other hand, the

emerging platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and smart cars, require both

communication and radar detection operations for safety purpose. In addition, the joint design

of the radar and communication could bring advantages of lower hardware cost, saving space

and higher energy and spectrum efﬁciency [3].

A. Related Works

Recently, lots of efforts have been made along the line from independent working to the joint

working of the radar and communication systems. To facilitate the spectrum sharing between

the radar and communication system, [4]–[9] contributed to the methods designed to alleviate

the interference effects. From the radar performance aspect, [4] proposed three design methods

based on the null-space projection of the radar waveform to mitigate the interference of the radar

waveform to the cellular communication system while sharing the same frequency band. In [5],

the coexistence of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular system and MIMO radar was

studied, where the precoders are jointly designed for both system to ensure the radar probability

of detection and quality of service of cellular users. Further contribution [6] investigated the

joint design of a MIMO radar with co-located antennas and a MIMO communication system

aiming at maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the radar receiver. Moreover,

[7], [8] studied the beamforming of the downlink communication waveform under the radar

detection probability maximization and transmit power minimization criteria, respectively. The

performance limit of the coexistence system was analyzed in [9], where the radar station needs

to obtain the decoded communication signals and the communication station needs to obtain the

target’s estimated information to perform the interference cancellation procedures.

Although the above works have made great progress on the coexistence system design, the

radar signals and the communication signals still act as interference and degrade the performance

of each other. In addition, since the radar and communication stations are deployed separately and

work independently, the exchange of system information, such as the channel state information

(CSI) and waveform information, incurs signiﬁcant system overhead and therefore deteriorates

the system performance.

With the emerging of newly developing applications, such as self-driving cars and UAVs, fur-

ther contributions have considered the dual-function systems where the radar and communication

operations are performed simultaneously sharing the same frequency band and infrastructure [10].

While working together, the radar and communication waveform can be jointly designed with the

CSI, beamforming schemes, and transmission power shared inherently. Early researches [11]–[13]

have exploited the performance limit from the information theory aspect of a single-antenna joint

radar and communication system. To unify the radar and communication performance metric,

the concept of estimation information rate based on the mutual information reduction during

estimation procedure has been proposed to evaluate how much information can be obtained

about the target within a unit time. Based on the water-ﬁlling algorithm, the optimal bandwidth

allocation schemes were also proposed to allocate the whole bandwidth, one part of which is

for the dual functions while the other is only for communication or radar operation [11], [12].

More generally, the information theory based capacity-distortion region was derived for joint

sensing and communication system where the channel state was estimated at the transmitter by

means of generalized feedback [14]. However, with a single antenna, the radar can only obtain

the distance and velocity information of targets, whereas the direction information is ignored.

In order to obtain the location and status of targets, both direction information and velocity

information are needed leading to the equipment of multiple antennas at the radar node [15],

[16].

For the multi-antenna dual-function system, the beamforming schemes have been investi-

gated for the separated scenario and shared scenario [17]. In the separated scenario, radar

and communication use different antennas and independent waveforms. Whereas in the shared

scenario, radar and the communication share the same antennas and use the identical waveform,

i.e., the communication waveform is used for radar probing simultaneously. Accordingly, an

extended Kalman ﬁltering framework was employed to enhance the sensing accuracy of predictive

beamforming in vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) scenario [18]. Targeting on the dual-functional

waveform design for the multi-antenna system, [19]–[21] proposed to use the orthogonal fre-

quency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals acting as the dual functions taking its advantages

of robustness against multi-path fading and simple synchronization properties. Furthermore, the

novel waveform based on the IEEE 802.11ad protocol was designed for a full-duplex (FD) source

transmitter which serves for both radar and communication system [22], [23].

In addition, [24] has illustrated that simultaneous transmit-and-receive operation is the key

enabler for future JRC systems, which leads to communication and radar signals interfering

with each other in FD mode. It was claimed that the FD technology could potentially double

the spectral efﬁciency compared with half-duplex counterpart, as it enables simultaneous trans-

mission and reception [25]. However, the non-orthogonal operation incurs heavy interference.

This motivates us to carry out the study on the feasibility of the FD JRC system from the

theoretical aspect. Note that, the above-mentioned works focus on multi-antenna dual-function

system operating in half-duplex mode. However, for FD multi-antenna JRC systems, the potential

performance is likely to be enhanced when interference is handled properly. To the best of our

knowledge, the fundamental performance analysis for the FD multi-antenna JRC system, where

the performance of radar and communication is jointly enhanced, has not been investigated in

the literature.

B. The Contribution of This Work

In this paper, we investigated the performance bound of a full-duplex multi-antenna joint radar

and communication system where a node called ComRad equipped with multiple antennas is

performing both the radar and communication operations within the same frequency band. For the

radar operation, the ComRad sends one stream of probing signals and detects the target according

to the radar return signals. For the communication operation, the ComRad is sending signals to

a downlink communication node (DCN) and receiving signals from an uplink communication

node (UCN) simultaneously. By utilizing the term of estimation rate, we unify the radar and

communication performance metric which enable us to accurately quantify the trade-off between

both functions.

The main contributions of this paper are illustrated in the following:

•For the joint radar and communication system, we propose a receiver processing structure,

based on which the receiver can decode the communication information and estimate targets’

information. To be speciﬁc, the ComRad suppresses the self-interference and radar return

signals to decode the uplink communication information, which is then subtracted from the

original received signals to extract targets’ information of interest. This structure captures

the convenience of information sharing in a full-duplex system while considering practical

implementations, i.e., the imperfect self-interference cancellation and channel estimation.

•Based on the proposed structure, we study the communication performance based on the

maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and maximum ratio combing (MRC) reception beam-

forming. The uplink and downlink communication rate is obtained considering interference

from radar return signals, full-duplex self-interference, and radar probing signals. In par-

ticular, we derive the theoretical limit of the uplink communication rate when radar return

is not fully suppressed in the received signal due to estimation error. Taking into account

these practical limitations gives us a thorough evaluation of communication performance

under the full-duplex system structure.

•Further, we analyze the performance of radar operations based on the estimation information

rate under the effect of communication interference incurred by imperfect cancellation.

To get an accurate status of the target, we focus on the distance, direction, and velocity

estimation under general signal waveform expressions. The special case of linearly frequency

modulated (LFM) waveform with uniform linear antenna array under Gaussian distribution

interference is considered, and the exact closed-form estimation rates on distance, direction,

and velocity are obtained.

•Finally, we present the numerical results to demonstrate the joint radar and communication

system rate regions. Our results reveal the trade-off between radar estimation rate and

communication rate, as well as the non-negligible impact of the imperfect channel estima-

tions and interference cancellations. The superiorities of the proposed receiver structure are

presented by comparing with the joint rate regions under different receiver structures. We

demonstrate the feasibility of spectrum sharing of the radar and communication working in

full-duplex mode.

C. Outline of This Paper

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section II illustrate the joint system

model, including the signal model and channel state information (CSI) requirements. In Section

III, the downlink and uplink communication rates are derived. Section IV presents the radar

estimation information rate bounds. Section V demonstrates the numerical simulation results

and Section VI concludes this paper.

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PerformanceAnalysisoftheFull-DuplexCommunicating-RadarConvergenceSystemYinghongGuo,ChengLi,ChaoxianZhang,YaoYao,SeniorMember,IEEE,BinXia,SeniorMember,IEEEAbstractThispaperaimstoexplorethefeasibilityofthespectrumsharingbetweenthecommunicationandradarsystem.Weinvestigatethefull-duplex(FD)jointradarand...

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Performance Analysis of the Full-Duplex Communicating-Radar Convergence System Yinghong Guo Cheng Li Chaoxian Zhang Yao Yao Senior Member IEEE Bin

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