Real-time exposure control and instrument operation with the NEID spectrograph GUI Arvind F. Guptaab Chad F. Benderc Joe P. Ninand Sarah E. Logsdone Shubham

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Real-time exposure control and instrument operation with

the NEID spectrograph GUI

Arvind F. Guptaa,b, Chad F. Benderc, Joe P. Ninand, Sarah E. Logsdone, Shubham

Kanodiaa,b, Eli Golube, Jesus Higuerae, Jessica Klusmeyere, Samuel Halversonf, Suvrath

Mahadevana,b, Michael McElwaing, Christian Schwabh, Gudmundur Stefanssoni, Paul

Robertsonj, Arpita Royk,l, Ryan Terrienm, and Jason Wrighta,b,n

aDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State

University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

bCenter for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State

University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

cSteward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

dDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi

Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India

eNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Ave.,

Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

fJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive,

Pasadena, California 91109

gExoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

hDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde,

NSW 2109, Australia

iDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540,

USA

jDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697,

USA

kSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

lDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St,

Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

mCarleton College, One North College St., Northﬁeld, MN 55057, USA

nPenn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania

State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

ABSTRACT

The NEID spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope at Kitt Peak has completed its ﬁrst full year of science

operations and is reliably delivering sub-m/s precision radial velocity measurements. The NEID instrument

control system uses the TIMS package (Bender et al. 2016), which is a client-server software system built

around the twisted python software stack. During science observations, interaction with the NEID spectrograph

is handled through a pair of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), written in PyQT, which wrap the underlying

instrument control software and provide straightforward and reliable access to the instrument. Here, we detail

the design of these interfaces and present an overview of their use for NEID operations. Observers can use

the NEID GUIs to set the exposure time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold, and other relevant parameters

for observations, conﬁgure the calibration bench and observing mode, track or edit observation metadata, and

Contact: arvind@psu.edu

arXiv:2210.00550v1 [astro-ph.IM] 2 Oct 2022

monitor the current state of the instrument. These GUIs facilitate automatic spectrograph conﬁguration and

target ingestion from the nightly observing queue, which improves operational eﬃciency and consistency across

epochs. By interfacing with the NEID exposure meter, the GUIs also allow observers to monitor the progress

of individual exposures and trigger the shutter on user-deﬁned SNR thresholds. In addition, inset plots of the

instantaneous and cumulative exposure meter counts as each observation progresses allow for rapid diagnosis of

changing observing conditions as well as guiding failure and other emergent issues.

Keywords: graphical user interface, GUI, NEID, radial velocity, spectrograph, instrument control software

1. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, new spectrographs have demonstrated the capacity to deliver velocity measurements with sub-m

s−1instrumental precision,1opening the door for extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) science. Among

these is NEID,2,3a high spectral resolution (R ∼120,000) optical (380 nm < λ < 930 nm) spectrograph on

the WIYN 3.5-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory . NEID commissioning began following delivery

to the observatory in late 2019 and concluded in May 2021, and science operations have been underway since

Summer 2021.

To maximize the scientiﬁc return of NEID, we have thought carefully about the manner in which our obser-

vations are conducted; poorly designed observing and operating strategies, at either the individual level or the

facility level, can easily negate the advantages conferred by the instrument itself. To this end, we have designed

a pair of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) with which the NEID spectrograph is controlled. We refer to these

herein as the NEID Spectrograph GUI and the NEID Exposure Control GUI. These GUIs were developed during

the commissioning process and tested alongside the instrument, and they have been used alongside a small suite

of other GUIs to conduct all science observations over the past two years. The Spectrograph GUI is primarily

used to interface with the spectrograph itself and the Exposure Control GUI allows for more detailed monitoring

of the NEID exposure meter, though some controls for the spectrograph and its various clients, in addition to

the NEID port adapter,4appear across both GUIs. These GUIs give observers access to necessary elements of

the instrument control software5(ICS) and the nightly observing queue, streamlining the observing process. We

describe the design and functionality of each GUI in greater detail in the following sections. We also describe

general observing procedures for NEID and recent updates to the ICS.

2. NEID ICS

NEID utilizes an expanded version of the Instrument Control Software package TIMS (Twisted Instrument

Control System) that was originally built for the Habitable-zone Planet Finder spectrograph.5TIMS leverages

the Twisted Python software stack to provide reliable asynchronous communication between instrument hardware

systems. The system utilizes a classic server-client architecture. A server process acts as a relay to client

processes, running on the main instrument computer or on other computers connected over the facility network.

Connections between clients and the server use TCP/IP communication protocols. Each client connects directly

to one or more hardware devices via custom drivers that we have written in python for each individual hardware

device used by the spectrometer. These drivers act like individual servers and expose the native communication

protocol for their hardware device. We have implemented abstracted python driver objects for a variety of

communication protocols, including serial, IP multicast, TCP/IP, ZeroMQ, XML-RPC, and SMTP, which make

it straightforward to implement a new driver for a new piece of hardware in a standardized format. Special

methods within each driver facilitate polling of various hardware states of interest at ﬁxed time intervals. Each

driver writes the result of these queries to running telemetry logs stored on disk, and also maintains an internal

state machine in memory with the information that can be queried from any client on-demand without needing

to physically re-query the hardware. For example, a pressure gauge might have its pressure polled at 1 Hz

by its driver, with the latest value and corresponding timestamp stored in the driver’s state machine. Any

client desiring the latest pressure reading only needs to query the state machine and check for staleness of the

timestamp, rather than re-query the hardware itself. Some drivers are listening to protocols such as multicast or

ZeroMQ for facility telemetry that is being widely broadcast over the network. They cache a local copy of this

telemetry in the driver’s state machine, making it available for other TIMS clients on-demand.

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Real-timeexposurecontrolandinstrumentoperationwiththeNEIDspectrographGUIArvindF.Guptaa,b,ChadF.Benderc,JoeP.Ninand,SarahE.Logsdone,ShubhamKanodiaa,b,EliGolube,JesusHiguerae,JessicaKlusmeyere,SamuelHalversonf,SuvrathMahadevana,b,MichaelMcElwaing,ChristianSchwabh,GudmundurStefanssoni,PaulRobertsonj,Ar...

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Real-time exposure control and instrument operation with the NEID spectrograph GUI Arvind F. Guptaab Chad F. Benderc Joe P. Ninand Sarah E. Logsdone Shubham

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